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Soc 210 > Chapter 6 & 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 & 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Post-WW2

A
  • More jobs available
  • Since 1951 increase of cost has continued
  • Since the 1960s, a decline of men’s wages has occurred
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2
Q

Family Wage

A

In the 1950’s when a man got married or had a child he received a raise

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3
Q

Institutional Arenas (Cohen)

A

People’s roles in the family arena are strongly influenced by the actions of outside arenas, the state and the market.

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4
Q

Changing ideas about women’s roles in society

A
  1. Feminist movement

2. Birth control pill

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5
Q

Consequences of Changes in Women’s roles

A

Profound mark on families

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6
Q

Family division of work (2)

A
  1. Paid work

2. Unpaid work–> housework and care work

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7
Q

Domestic work

A

Activities the reproduce, support and sustain others

  • labour that “makes a family”
  • Gender inequalities
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8
Q

How much is unpaid work worth?

A

319 million annually (41% of the GDP)

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9
Q

Second Shift

A

Women’s movement into the labour force resulted in a “second shift”
*Unequal division of unpaid labour is at the heart of the gender pay gap

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10
Q

How do couples decide to split unpaid labour?

A
  1. Time availability
  2. Relative resources
  3. Gendered Expectations
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11
Q

Theory of Social Class (Structural Functionalist)

A

Inequality is necessary, it serves an essential function

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12
Q

Division of Labout

A

the social process of determining who does what work and for what rewards

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13
Q

Theory of Social Class (Conflict)

A

Inequality, and the DOL is the result of economic exploitation

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14
Q

Economic Exploitation

A

The process by which the labour os some produces wealth that is controlled by others

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15
Q

Life Chances

A

The practical opportunity to achieve desired material conditions and personal experiences

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16
Q

Social Capital

A

The access to resources people have by virtue of relationships and connections within a social network

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17
Q

An Elite Extended Family

A

Comes from a dense background of success. Provides a lot more high value resources that they can tap into. (Greater social capital and life chances)
-Substantial wealth passes from generation to generation

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18
Q

A working poor extended family

A
  • very different jobs and education

- very different ocial capital and life chances

19
Q

Social Class Networks

A 
People tend to marry in the same social class as they are
- Networks fo families are clustered into various social classes, and then once married you become linked to another family which is likely connected within the same social class
20
Q

Exonomy

A

marrying outside

21
Q

Endogomy

A

Marrying within

22
Q

Class identity

A

The awareness of, and sense of belonging to, a specific social class

23
Q

The (American) Class Structure

A
  1. Capitalist and Corporate Managerial Class (2.7%)
  2. Middle Class (42.4%)
  3. Working Class (47%)
  4. Lower Class (7.9%)
24
Q

Present Inequality

A

Inequality is increasing between social classes

25
Q

Gini Coefficient

A

A measure of inequality in which ) represents complete equality and 1 represents complete inequality
- It has risen to be closer to 1 in the States, We aren’t as bad but not great

26
Q

Social Mobility

A

The movement, up or down between social classes

27
Q

Class Persistence

A

The tendency for children to grow up to be in the same social class as their parents

28
Q

Increasing Inequality

A
  • At the Bottom: Keeping the poor from improving their lot
  • In the middle: Divergent fortunes
  • At the top: The New Superrich
29
Q

Canada’s record on child and family poverty

A
  • 1 in 7 persons live in poverty (2014)

* 1 in 5 children live in poverty

30
Q

Absolute Poverty

A

an absolute/concrete measure determined by examining a bare minimums for survival
*Market Based Measure (MBM)

31
Q

Relative

A

What is considered poor relative to what the social standards are for the average and wealthy
*Low Income Cut-off (LICO)

32
Q

Measuring Poverty

A

Poverty’s effects depend on duration (low long) and depth (how far below the poverty line)

33
Q

Tendency to blame the victim

A
  • Focus on personal decisions and the individual
  • Herbert Spencer and genetic “fitness”
  • The culture of poverty thesis (Lewis, 1966)
34
Q

Origins of Poverty

A
  • Poverty as systemic or structural
  • Discrimination, unequal opportunities in education, macro-level economic changes
  • Social reproduction of poverty
35
Q

Social Groups Vulnerable to Poverty

A
  1. Children
  2. Working poor
  3. Women
  4. People with Disabilities
  5. Indigenous, visible minority and Recent immigrants
  6. Seniors
36
Q

Shrinking Middle Class

A
  • The overall proportion of middle-income families has been reduced
  • Average households have high debt and low savings
  • High food and housing costs in urban areas
  • Reliance of adult children on their parents for assistance
37
Q

Poverty and Life Course

A
  • Material and social conditions shape individual trajectories
  • Those in poverty have poorer physical health and more frequent behavioural problems
  • Children with economic advantages are more likely to achieve higher education, better paying/more secure employment
  • Poor adults have higher morbidity, lower life expectancy
  • More likely to work in dangerous jobs, live in unsafe neighbourhoods
  • Higher risk of substandard housing or homelessness
  • Negative effects on the formation and quality of intimate relationships
38
Q

Paying People Out of Poverty

A
  • Emergency shelter, medical care and law enforcement cost 4 times more than supportive housing
  • Homeless patients cost hospitals on average $2559 more than the housed
  • Guaranteed annual income would create savings in social services, health care and law enforcement
39
Q

family work

A

includes all the tasks and activities required to maintain and reproduce families, such as child-rearing, child care and housework, as well as coordinating paid and unpaid activities

40
Q

Ideology of separate spheres

A

relates to the idea that paid activity in the public sphere is viewed as “work” whereas activity in the private sphere tends to remain invisible and undervalued

41
Q

Cult of domesticity

A

developed as the family lost its function as an economic unit; it supports the ideology that a woman’s place is in the home and she should therefore tend the “home, sweet home.”

42
Q

gender ideology

A

a set of beliefs about men and women, and marital or partnership roles

43
Q

Economic security

A

Standard of living that provides resources and benefits necessary for social and economic participation and social inclusion

44
Q

Culture of poverty

A

a fatalistic set of values, behaviours, and attitudes that is not conductive to middle-class standards of financial or material success

Soc 210 (12 decks)

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