Chapter 6 & 14

Question 1

Post-WW2

Answer 1

• More jobs available
• Since 1951 increase of cost has continued
• Since the 1960s, a decline of men’s wages has occurred

Question 2

Family Wage

Answer 2

In the 1950’s when a man got married or had a child he received a raise

Question 3

Institutional Arenas (Cohen)

Answer 3

People’s roles in the family arena are strongly influenced by the actions of outside arenas, the state and the market.

Question 4

Changing ideas about women’s roles in society

Answer 4

1. Feminist movement

2. Birth control pill

Question 5

Consequences of Changes in Women’s roles

Answer 5

Profound mark on families

Question 6

Family division of work (2)

Answer 6

1. Paid work

2. Unpaid work–> housework and care work

Question 7

Domestic work

Answer 7

Activities the reproduce, support and sustain others

• labour that “makes a family”
• Gender inequalities

Question 8

How much is unpaid work worth?

Answer 8

319 million annually (41% of the GDP)

Question 9

Second Shift

Answer 9

Women’s movement into the labour force resulted in a “second shift”
*Unequal division of unpaid labour is at the heart of the gender pay gap

Question 10

How do couples decide to split unpaid labour?

Answer 10

1. Time availability
2. Relative resources
3. Gendered Expectations

Question 11

Theory of Social Class (Structural Functionalist)

Answer 11

Inequality is necessary, it serves an essential function

Question 12

Division of Labout

Answer 12

the social process of determining who does what work and for what rewards

Question 13

Theory of Social Class (Conflict)

Answer 13

Inequality, and the DOL is the result of economic exploitation

Question 14

Economic Exploitation

Answer 14

The process by which the labour os some produces wealth that is controlled by others

Question 15

Life Chances

Answer 15

The practical opportunity to achieve desired material conditions and personal experiences

Question 16

Social Capital

Answer 16

The access to resources people have by virtue of relationships and connections within a social network

Question 17

An Elite Extended Family

Answer 17

Comes from a dense background of success. Provides a lot more high value resources that they can tap into. (Greater social capital and life chances)
-Substantial wealth passes from generation to generation

Question 18

A working poor extended family

Answer 18

• very different jobs and education

- very different ocial capital and life chances

Question 19

Social Class Networks

Answer 19

People tend to marry in the same social class as they are
- Networks fo families are clustered into various social classes, and then once married you become linked to another family which is likely connected within the same social class

Question 20

Exonomy

Answer 20

marrying outside

Question 21

Endogomy

Answer 21

Marrying within

Question 22

Class identity

Answer 22

The awareness of, and sense of belonging to, a specific social class

Question 23

The (American) Class Structure

Answer 23

1. Capitalist and Corporate Managerial Class (2.7%)
2. Middle Class (42.4%)
3. Working Class (47%)
4. Lower Class (7.9%)

Question 24

Present Inequality

Answer 24

Inequality is increasing between social classes

Question 25

Gini Coefficient

Answer 25

A measure of inequality in which ) represents complete equality and 1 represents complete inequality - It has risen to be closer to 1 in the States, We aren't as bad but not great

Question 26

Social Mobility

Answer 26

The movement, up or down between social classes

Question 27

Class Persistence

Answer 27

The tendency for children to grow up to be in the same social class as their parents

Question 28

Increasing Inequality

Answer 28

* At the Bottom: Keeping the poor from improving their lot * In the middle: Divergent fortunes * At the top: The New Superrich

Question 29

Canada's record on child and family poverty

Answer 29

* 1 in 7 persons live in poverty (2014) | * 1 in 5 children live in poverty

Question 30

Absolute Poverty

Answer 30

an absolute/concrete measure determined by examining a bare minimums for survival *Market Based Measure (MBM)

Question 31

Relative

Answer 31

What is considered poor relative to what the social standards are for the average and wealthy *Low Income Cut-off (LICO)

Question 32

Measuring Poverty

Answer 32

Poverty's effects depend on duration (low long) and depth (how far below the poverty line)

Question 33

Tendency to blame the victim

Answer 33

* Focus on personal decisions and the individual * Herbert Spencer and genetic "fitness" * The culture of poverty thesis (Lewis, 1966)

Question 34

Origins of Poverty

Answer 34

* Poverty as systemic or structural * Discrimination, unequal opportunities in education, macro-level economic changes * Social reproduction of poverty

Question 35

Social Groups Vulnerable to Poverty

Answer 35

1. Children 2. Working poor 3. Women 4. People with Disabilities 5. Indigenous, visible minority and Recent immigrants 6. Seniors

Question 36

Shrinking Middle Class

Answer 36

* The overall proportion of middle-income families has been reduced * Average households have high debt and low savings * High food and housing costs in urban areas * Reliance of adult children on their parents for assistance

Question 37

Poverty and Life Course

Answer 37

* Material and social conditions shape individual trajectories * Those in poverty have poorer physical health and more frequent behavioural problems * Children with economic advantages are more likely to achieve higher education, better paying/more secure employment * Poor adults have higher morbidity, lower life expectancy * More likely to work in dangerous jobs, live in unsafe neighbourhoods * Higher risk of substandard housing or homelessness * Negative effects on the formation and quality of intimate relationships

Question 38

Paying People Out of Poverty

Answer 38

* Emergency shelter, medical care and law enforcement cost 4 times more than supportive housing * Homeless patients cost hospitals on average $2559 more than the housed * Guaranteed annual income would create savings in social services, health care and law enforcement

Question 39

family work

Answer 39

includes all the tasks and activities required to maintain and reproduce families, such as child-rearing, child care and housework, as well as coordinating paid and unpaid activities

Question 40

Ideology of separate spheres

Answer 40

relates to the idea that paid activity in the public sphere is viewed as "work" whereas activity in the private sphere tends to remain invisible and undervalued

Question 41

Cult of domesticity

Answer 41

developed as the family lost its function as an economic unit; it supports the ideology that a woman's place is in the home and she should therefore tend the "home, sweet home."

Question 42

gender ideology

Answer 42

a set of beliefs about men and women, and marital or partnership roles

Question 43

Economic security

Answer 43

Standard of living that provides resources and benefits necessary for social and economic participation and social inclusion

Question 44

Culture of poverty

Answer 44

a fatalistic set of values, behaviours, and attitudes that is not conductive to middle-class standards of financial or material success