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Soc 210 > Chapter 12 & 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 & 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Elderly

A

Typically defined as 65 or older

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2
Q

Golden Age Myth

A

That life for older people was better in the past

  • Canadians did not tend to reside in three generation households
  • Higher mortality, lower life expectancy
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3
Q

3 Factors Contribute to longevity revolution

A
  1. Increased life expectancy/ decreased mortality
  2. Declining fertility
  3. Immigration patterns
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4
Q

The Longevity Revolution

A
  • Aged population is expected to double by 2036, reaching 10.4 million
  • Declining numbers of children 14 and under
  • Substantial increases to life expectancy
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5
Q

Life Expectancy at birth (Canada, 2012)

A

79.4 (males) & 83.6 (women)

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6
Q

Living Arrangements

A
  • 56.4% of those 65+ live with spouse or partner
  • 25% live alone
  • Trend toward cohabitation
  • Living apart together
  • Increase in multigenerational households
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7
Q

Patterns of Support

A
  • Majority of support for older adults is non-paid or informal
  • Older adults in turn provide financial and emotional support
  • Exchange relations involving global reciprocity
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8
Q

5 Categories of Instrumental Support

A
  1. Home maintenance
  2. Transportation
  3. Household help
  4. Personal care
  5. Financial support
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9
Q

Life course trajectories

A

Fear that there will be shortage of adult children to look after aging parents

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10
Q

Positive effects of an aging population

A

Expansion of the family and availability of extended kin

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11
Q

Increased Cultural Diversity

A
  • Distinctive family obligations and patterns of support

- Challenges our assumptions about family life and family ties

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12
Q

Issues Facing Aging Families

A
  • Gendered patterns of care (majority women)
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13
Q

Sandwich Generation

A
  • Caring for elders and children at the same time

- Often still in paid work

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14
Q

Seniors in Rural Areas

A
  • Lack transportation, health services and organizations
  • Often overlooked in the allocation of health resources
  • Fragmented services and closing of smaller, rural hospitals
  • Difficult to attract physicians, health workers and social service workers to rural areas
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15
Q

Dating, Cohabitation, Remarriage and Sexuality

A
  • Most older men have partners, while most older women do not
  • Complex decision influenced by economic, social, legal, religious and demographic factors
  • Ageist views of sexuality persist
  • Gay and lesbian seniors can face challenges accessing medical care, home care and services
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16
Q

Transition to Retirement

A
  • Retirement is usually viewed as an individual choice
  • There are intricate linkages to family and life course context
  • Becoming a couple phenomenon
  • More older Canadians in the workforce
  • Weaknesses in pension plans and increased reliance on RRSPs
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17
Q

Family Context

A

Characteristics that precede retirement, can affect decisions and adaptation

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18
Q

The Modernization of Grandparenthood

A
  • Vast majority of Canadians over 65 grandparents
  • Declining mortality
  • Advances in travel and communication
  • Increased affluence and leisure time
  • Can play an active role in grandchildren’s lives
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19
Q

Institutionalization and End of Life

A
  • Only a minority of elderly people live in nursing homes or institutional settings
  • Majority end their life in hospitals or long-term care facilities
  • New models and practices for end- of- life care
20
Q

Social Determinants of Health

A
  • Factors beyond genetics or biology
  • …“The economic and social conditions that influence the health of individuals, communities and jurisdictions as a whole”
  • Highlights how structured inequality creates inequality of health conditions
21
Q

Social Determinants of Heatlh

A
  • Aboriginal status
  • Early life
  • Education
  • Employment and working conditions
  • food security
  • Health care services
  • Housing
  • Income and its distribution
  • Social safety net
  • Social exclusion
  • Unemployment and employment security
  • Gender
  • Social context
22
Q

Life course perspective on social determinants of health

A

Social determinants of health operate at every level of development

23
Q

Disability

A

Having difficulty performing “normal” daily activities (hearing, seeing, walking )
13.7% of Canadians have a disability

24
Q

Disability and self-identification

A
  • self- identification is significant
  • shifts power of naming away from authorities
  • Defining words is a political act
25
Q

Biomedical

A

disability as disease, disorder

26
Q

Functional

A

disability as a restriction of normal abilities

27
Q

Social/Environmental

A

disability as a result of barriers in the social environment

28
Q

Human rights

A

Focuses on respect for human dignity and protection against discrimination

29
Q

Families with Disabilities and Special Needs Children

A

5-20% of children have special needs

- Lack of support

30
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

A

Cause of learning and behaviours difficulties which can lead to other problems

31
Q

Mental Health Issues

A
  • Families can be devastated by mental illness
  • often experience complex loss
  • Problems of denial and legal barriers to force compliance with doctors orders
  • Can make social connectedness and stability very difficult
32
Q

Caregiver burden

A

Stress and problems such as depression

33
Q

dementia

A

alzheimer’s is the most common form of dementia

- Number of cases may increase to 1. 125 million by 2038

34
Q

Symbolic interactionist perspective on coping (Dementia)

A

Family members use various strategies to help the afflicted person preserve identity

  • concealing the diagnosis
  • Interpreting behaviours as the disease (not real person)
  • Assistance with dressing, grooming etc.
35
Q

A “good death”

A

A “good death” helps family adjust after a family member’s passing

  • on time
  • physical comfort
  • Social support
  • Appropriate medical care
  • Chance to say goodbye
36
Q

Palliative Care

A

The care and management of end-of-life patients

  • reduction of suffering
  • family support into bereavement
  • A complete program would include symptom control, spiritual support, bereavement support and education
37
Q

Tobacco

A

*Tobacco use is the single most preventable cause of morbidity and mortality

38
Q

Regional Variations in tobacco use

A

National average: 18%
BC: 14.3%
Ontario: 17%
Nunavut: 62%

39
Q

Health promotion & Public Policy

A

Individual approaches tend to receive the most government support
- the strategies mask the social production of inequality and the social variability of health

40
Q

Apocalyptic demography

A

Is the tendency to equate rapid population aging with a number of neglect implications for society and for the family, especially with respect to escalating health care and pension costs and associated caregiving issues

41
Q

Filial piety

A

is rooted in the idea that the core of moral behaviour lies in several obligations that children owe to parents

42
Q

Global reciprocity

A

refers to the tendency of families to balance exchanges of support over the course of their lives rather than at one particular point in time

43
Q

Hierarchical-compensatory model

A

Suggests that people choose their supports initially from their inner family circle and then outward to receive assistance from less intimate sources as they need more help

44
Q

skip-generation households

A

are those households in which grandparents live with at least one grandchild without the presence of the middle (parent) generation

45
Q

Epigenetics

A

is the study of how our environment modifies and influences our genetic make-up and its expression over time to create health and illness

46
Q

social epidemiology

A

is the empirical study of the socio-cultural, economics and political forces that shape patterns of disease and death in human populations

Soc 210 (12 decks)

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