Chapter 15

Question 1

Violence and Abuse

Answer 1

Ignored by social sciences until 70s

• norms of family privacy and assumptions of rarity
• increasing studies and public awareness

Question 2

WHO definition of violence

Answer 2

• self-directed
• interpersonal
• collective

Question 3

Interpersonal Violence

Answer 3

physical
psychological
financial
neglect

Question 4

Poly-victimization

Answer 4

needs to study the connections between various forms of violence

Question 5

Child Abuse and Neglect Historically

Answer 5

• Historic use of physical disciple
• Concept “battered child syndrome” developed in the 1960s
• passage of mandatory reporting laws in Canada

Question 6

Spanking

Answer 6

Legal in Canada, with notable exceptions

Question 7

Sibling Abuse

Answer 7

• Any form of intentional harm inflicted by one child in a family unit upon another
• Includes physical, psychological and sexual abuse
• Is often seen as a normal aspect of sibling rivalry

Question 8

Abuse between partners

Answer 8

• Abuse against women is historically rooted
• reporting has increased
• 85% of victims are female

Question 9

Seniors

Answer 9

Disability increases likelihood of abuse

*4-10% of seniors experience some form of abuse

Question 10

Some Seniors are at a higher risk

Answer 10

• older seniors
• women
• isolated
• reduced cognitive capacity
• dependency causing disability

Question 11

Culturally specific forms of elder abuse

Answer 11

Linguistic isolation and dependence of some elder immigrants makes them vulnerable

Question 12

Consequences of Early abuse

Answer 12

• Health problems
• Mental Illness (ex. PTSD)
• Increased risk for victimization later in life
• Running away, homelessness
• Attachment difficulties

Question 13

Causes of Abuse

Answer 13

Individual Pathology
Learned behaviour
Environmental Stressors
Ecological and Dialectical Perspective

Question 14

Individual Pathology

Answer 14

Some sort of mental illness or pathology

Question 15

Biological Perspective (Individual Pathology)

Answer 15

The effects of physiological makeup

Question 16

Psychologica Perspective (Individual Pathology)

Answer 16

Defective personality structures

Question 17

Learned Behaviour

Answer 17

Social learning theory

- the family is a site of learning

Question 18

Social learning theory

Answer 18

abusive behaviour learned in interaction with others

Question 19

Environmental Stressors

Answer 19

• Pushed to violence by triggers such as drugs or stress
• Stress as an explanation pervasive in literature
• Ability to cope with the stressor depends on family circumstances and resources

Question 20

Ecological and Dialectical

Answer 20

No single factor can explain higher risk of interpersonal violence

Question 21

Primary prevention

Answer 21

To prevent abuse from occurring

• mainly through education
• visits by public health nurses and professionals

Question 22

Secondary Prevention

Answer 22

working with at-risk groups

• Programs in prenatal nutrition, support for fetal alcohol syndrome, remedial schools
• Outreach programs for seniors
• Adequate income and housing assistance would alleviate stress in poor families

Question 23

Tertiary prevention

Answer 23

treatment or intervention to prevent abuse from recurring

• shelters, counseling and skills training for battered women
• Counseling and anger management for perpetrators
• Not as costly

Question 24

Cradle of violence

Answer 24

refers to how the family environment is a potential birthplace of violence, since it is the key agent of socialization

Question 25

Dialectical approach to intimate aggression

Answer 25

offers theoretical integration and a focus on paradox, contradictions and tensions in close relations that are intertwined with social, historical and environmental contexts

Question 26

Double ABCX crisis model of stress

Answer 26

extends the ABCX model of stress, with its focus on pile-up events and the family’s access to resources during crisis events

Question 27

Ecological perspective

Answer 27

applied to family violence contextualizes risk factors at four nested levels: macro, meso, exo, and micro

Question 28

Macro

Answer 28

Societal

Question 29

Meso

Answer 29

Community

Question 30

Exo

Answer 30

Relationship

Question 31

Micro

Answer 31

Individual