Chapter 6/13: Nutrients & Environmental Factors Flashcards
What elements comprise macronutrients?
C, N, P, S, O
What two main groups of nutrients do microbes need?
Macronutrients, Micronutrients
What is the function of macronutrients?
Build cellular structures
What elements comprise micronutrients?
Na, Mg, Mn
What are micronutrients required for?
Catalytic activity (co-factors)
What is a minor function of micronutrients?
Build cellular structures
Which cardinal names are used for distinguishing an organism’s carbon source?
Heterotrophs, Autotrophs
Which cardinal names are used for distinguishing an organism’s electron source?
Organotroph, Lithotroph
Which two cardinal names are used to distinguish an organism’s energy source?
Phototroph, Chemotroph
What is the name for self-sufficient organisms that can synthesize all needed precursors from one carbon source and inorganic molecules?
Prototrophs
What is the name for organisms that cannot synthesize all needed precursors from a single carbon source?
Auxotrophs
What term describes organisms that must have nutrient supplements?
Fastidious
What term describes the lowest available nutrient content that allows for cell growth?
Limiting factor
What type of organisms require oxygen at atmospheric levels?
Obligate aerobes
What type of organisms require oxygen and grow best with reduced oxygen?
Microaerophiles
What type of organisms do not use oxygen and are not harmed by it?
Aerotolerant anaerobes
What type of organisms cannot grow when oxygen is present?
Obligate anaerobes
What type of organisms can use oxygen but also grow in the absence of oxygen?
Facultative anaerobes
What cardinal group grows best at pH below 5.5?
Acidophiles
What cardinal group grows best at pH 5.5 to 8.5?
Neutrophiles
What cardinal group grows best at pH above 8.5?
Alkalophiles
What two things in a cell does pH affect?
Proteins, PMF
What type of reactions are dependent on water?
Hydrolysis reactions
Which molecule’s formation is dependent on hydrolysis reactions?
ATP