Chapter 1: Introduction Flashcards
What is included in microbes?
Bacteria, fungi, algae, protists
What characteristics define life?
Metabolism, growth, reproduction, genetic variation, adaptation, homeostasis
What are the essential macromolecules for life and subunits of each?
Polypeptides, Nucleic acids, Lipids, Polysaccharides
Which macromolecule serves as an enzyme?
Polypeptides
Which macromolecule serves as transport channels?
Polypeptides
Which macromolecule helps store genetic information?
Nucleic Acids
What subunits make up nucleic acids?
nucleotides
Which nucleotide is only found in DNA?
Thymine
Which nucleotide is only found in RNA?
Uracil
How did the phonetic taxonomic system characterize eukaryotes from prokaryotes?
Membrane-bound organelles
Who characterized three different phylogenetic domains based on conserved sequences in DNA in the 1970s?
Carl Woese
What are the three domains of the phylogenetic taxonomic system?
Bacteria, Achaea, Eukarya
Which phylogenetic domain(s) do not have a nuclear membrane?
Bacteria, Archaea
Are membrane-bound organelles found in Bacteria?
Rarely
Are membrane-bound organelles found in Archaea?
Rarely
Which domain(s) has/have a plasma membrane?
All
Which domains have similar plasma membranes?
Bacteria, Eukarya
Which domains have a cell wall in nearly all species?
Bacteria, Archaea
Are cell walls found in Eukarya?
In some species
Which domain has a cell wall constructed of peptidoglycan?
Bacteria
Which domain(s) has/have a single polymerase?
Bacteria, Archaea
Which domain has a Eukaryal-like RNA pol II?
Archaea
Which domain(s) has/have more than one polymerase and what are they named?
Eukarya (RNA pol I, II, III)
Which domain contains histone-like proteins?
Bacteria
Which domain(s) has/have histones?
Archaea, Eukarya
Are viruses considered microbes?
Yes
