Chapter 6/13: Catabolism of Organic Compounds Flashcards
What are two specific pathways of glycolysis?
EM (Embden-Meyerhof), ED (Entner-Duodoroff)
What are two general pathways to pyruvate?
Glycolysis, Pentose phosphate
Which glycolysis pathway(s) take/s place in all domains?
EM
Which glycolysis pathway(s) use/s glucose to produce 2 NADH molecules?
EM
Which glycolysis pathway(s) use/s glucose to produce 1 NADH molecule?
ED
Which glycolysis pathway(s) net/s 2 ATP?
EM
Which glycolysis pathway(s) net/s 1 ATP?
ED
Which glycolysis pathway(s) occur/s in the cytoplasm, independent of O2?
EM, ED
Which glycolysis pathway(s) produce/s 2 pyruvate?
EM, ED
Which pathway can be used to produce pyruvate if intermediates are catabolized under nutrient limitation?
Pentose Phosphate Shunt
What process uses organic molecules to remove the electrons carried by NADH?
Fermentation
What compounds are produced by fermentation?
Alcohols, Organic acids, CO2
What process catabolizes pyruvate?
TCA cycle
What process produces mass amounts of NADH and FADH2?
TCA cycle
What process involves electrons in NADH being passed to an electron transport system and on to an inorganic acceptor?
TCA cycle
What process recycles electrons from NADH and FADH2?
Respiration
What acts as a terminal electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?
O2
What acts as a terminal electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?
Inorganic molecules
What shuttles protons and produces ATP in the electron transport chain?
ATP synthase
What type of respiration is less efficient?
Anaerobic respiration
What is rotated on ATP synthase to facilitate the addition of Pi to ADP?
Gamma subunit
What type of process uses reduced inorganic compounds for energy and electrons?
Chemolithotrophy
What type of process does not require NAD+ and uses membrane-bound enzymes to remove electrons directly?
Chemolithotrophy
What breaks down polysaccharides into smaller subunits outside the plasma membrane?
Exoenzymes
What breaks down polypeptides into amino acids?
Proteases
What process happens to amino acids so they can be further catabolized in the TCA cycle?
Deamination
What are lipids broken down by?
Lipases
What will lipases seperate from each other?
Fatty acids, Glycerol
What mechanism cleaves fatty acids into Acetyl-CoA?
Beta-oxidation
