Chapter 2/4: Bacterial External Features Flashcards
What four structures are found outside the bacterial envelope?
Flagella, Pili, Capsule, Surface array
What is the primary purpose of flagella?
Motility
What are the hollow, rigid filaments is flagella made of?
Flagellin
What term means a single flagellum at one pole?
Monotrichous
What term means two flagella at the same pole?
Bitrichous
What term means a flagella at each pole?
Amphitrichous
What term means a tuft of three or more flagella?
Lophotrichous
What term means a tuft of three or more flagella at both poles?
Amphilophotrichous
What is the name for a non-polar arrangement of flagella?
Peritrichous
What is flagella rotation driven by in bacteria?
Proton motive force
What are the three basic pieces of bacterial flagella?
Filament, Hook protein, Basal body
What piece of the bacterial flagella contains multiple flagellin proteins and is 5-10 um long?
Filament
What piece of the bacterial flagella connects the filament to the basal body and is the site of rotation?
Hook protein
What piece of the bacterial flagella produces torque on filament to turn it like a propeller?
Basal body
What piece of the bacterial flagella extends from the cytoplasm to cell wall?
Basal body
What two terms describe bacterial motility?
Runs, Tumbles
What is the name for internal flagella?
Spirochete
What type of filaments extend from the plasma membrane into the periplasm?
Axial filaments
What are two types of non-flagellar bacterial motility?
Gliding motility, Twitching motility
What bacterial structure helps cells stick to surfaces and is sometimes referred to as pili?
Fimbrae
What bacterial structure helps cells transfer DNA and plasmids between cells?
Pili
What bacterial structure is composed of a thick layer of polysaccharides surrounding the cell wall?
Capsules
What bacterial structure allows adhesion to surfaces and defense against host immunity?
Capsules
What bacterial structure can be used as an emergency organic carbon source?
Capsules
What structure is composed of a crystalline array of interlocking proteins?
S-Layer
What type(s) of cell(s) is/are S-layers found?
Gram positive, Gram negative
What structure protects against predation, infection, and pH changes?
S-Layer
