Chapter 2/4: Bacterial Cell Walls Flashcards
What are most bacterial cell walls composed of?
Peptidoglycan
Which two alternating molecules make up petidoglycan?
NAM, NAG
Which peptidoglycan subunit is cross-linked at adjacent layers by peptide bonds?
NAM
Which two amino acids are connected by a single peptide bond in peptidoglycan cross-linking?
DAP, D-Ala
Which two amino acids are connected by a pentaglycine interbridge in peptidoglycan-cross linking?
L-Lys, D-Ala
What type of bacteria use a single peptide bond in peptidoglycan cross-linking?
Gram negative
What type of bacteria use a pentaglycine interbridge in peptidoglycan cross-linking?
Gram positive
What molecule acts as a carrier for NAM in peptidoglycan synthesis?
UDP
What serves as a transport channel across the plasma membrane in peptidoglycan synthesis?
Bactoprenol
What is the name for the space between the plasma membrane and cell wall?
Periplasm
What protein can cleave the bond between NAM-NAG subunits in the peptidoglycan backbone?
Lysozyme
What type of structure forms in Gram positive cells after lysozyme treatment?
Protoplast
What type of structure forms in Gram negative cells after lysozyme treatment?
Spheroplast
What molecule can cleave the peptide interbridge cross-link in certain Staphylococcus species?
Lysostaphin
What type of antibiotics prevent transpeptidation?
Beta-lactam