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Biology Final Exam > chapter 6 > Flashcards

chapter 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Prokaryotic cell characteristics

A

No nucleus, DNA in an unbound region called the nucleoid, No membrane-bound organelles, Cytoplasm bound by the plasma membrane.

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2
Q

Eukaryotic cell characteristics

A

DNA in a nucleus that is bound by a membranous nuclear envelope, Membrane-bound organelles, Cytoplasm in the region between the plasma membrane and nucleus.

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3
Q

What structures are common to eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

A

Plasma membrane, cytosol, chromosomes, and ribosomes

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4
Q

Are plant and animal cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

eukaryotic

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5
Q

What are some major differences between plant and animal cells?

A

plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts, animal cells lack these characteristics, but have an extracellular matrix

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6
Q

nucleus

A

contains the DNA of the cell and is the location of RNA production

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7
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

a double membrane separating it from the cytoplasm

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8
Q

Role of pores in Nucleus

A

regulate the entry and exit of molecules from the nucleus

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9
Q

What is the nucleolus

A

located within the nucleus and is the site of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis

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10
Q

Ribosomes

A

site of protein synthesis; free ribosomes and bound ribosomes

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11
Q

Where are free ribosomes?

A

In the cytosol

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12
Q

Where are bound ribosomes?

A

On the outside of the ER or the nuclear envelope

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13
Q

Rough ER

A

studded with ribosomes, has bound ribosomes (which secrete glycoproteins), distributes transport vesicles, is a membrane factory for the cell

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14
Q

Smooth ER

A

Synthesizes lipids; Stores calcium ions; Metabolizes carbohydrates; Detoxifies drugs and poisons

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15
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

consists of flattened membranous sacs, or cisternae

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16
Q

Functions of the Golgi apparatus

A

Modifies products of the ER; Manufactures some polysaccharides; Sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles

17
Q

cytoskeleton

A

A network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm; It organizes the cell’s structures and activities, anchoring many organelles

18
Q

cytoskeleton: Microtubules

A

15-25nm (Flagella, cilia)

19
Q

cytoskeleton: Microfilaments

A

7nm (Cell shape, cell division)

20
Q

cytoskeleton: Intermediate filaments

A

8-12nm (Organelle anchorage)

21
Q

mitochondria

A

site of cellular respiration (ATP synthesis); consists of two layers: Smooth outer membrane and Inner membrane folded into cristae

22
Q

Inner membrane of the mitochondria

A

Large surface area for ATP synthesizing enzymes

23
Q

Two compartments of inner membrane of mitochondria

A

intermembrane space and mitochondrial matrix

24
Q

cell wall

A

extracellular structure of plant cells that protects the plant cell, maintains its shape, and prevents excessive uptake of water

25
Q

What is the cell wall made of?

A

cellulose fibers embedded in other polysaccharides and protein

26
Q

vacuoles

A

A cell may have one or several vacuoles, derived from endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus

27
Q

Food vacuoles

A

formed by phagocytosis in protists

28
Q

Contractile vacuoles

A

found in many freshwater protists, pump excess water out of cells

29
Q

Central vacuoles

A

found in many mature plant cells, hold organic compounds and water

30
Q

chloroplast

A

found in plants and algae, contain chlorophyll and are the sites of photosynthesis

31
Q

Chloroplast structure includes three membrane layers. What are they?

A

Thylakoid, Inner and outer membrane, and stroma

32
Q

Thylakoid

A

membranous sacs, stacked to form a granum

33
Q

Stroma

A

fluid between inner membrane and thylakoid

34
Q

Which cellular structures occur in both plants?

A

Nucleus, ribosomes, rough ER, smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, vacuoles, chloroplast, cell wall, cytoskeleton

35
Q

Which cellular structures occur in animals?

A

Nucleus, ribosomes, rough ER, smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, vacuoles, chloroplast, cell wall, cytoskeleton, centrioles

36
Q

Which cellular structures occur in prokaryotes?

A

prokaryotes only have ribosomes and some have a cell wall

Biology Final Exam (19 decks)

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