chapter 3 Flashcards
How does cohesion help plants move water against gravity?
helps the transport of water against gravity in plants
How does adhesion help plants move water against gravity?
an attraction between different substances, for example, between water and plant cell walls
Solution
a liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of substances
Solvent
the dissolving agent of a solution
Solute
the substance that is dissolved.
hydrophilic substance
one that has an affinity for water; salts, sugars, proteins
hydrophobic substance
one that does not have an affinity for water; fats, oils, waxes
How do hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties relate to polar and non-polar bonds?
Oil molecules are hydrophobic because they have relatively non-polar bonds; Water is a versatile solvent due to its polarity, which allows it to form hydrogen bonds easily; Water can also dissolve compounds made of nonionic polar molecules
An acid
any substance that increases the H+ concentration of a solution;
A base
any substance that reduces the H+ concentration of a solution.
How do acids and bases affect the pH of a solution?
Acids lower pH; bases raise pH.
Why do we say that hydrogen and hydroxide have an inverse relationship?
The higher the hydrogen ion concentration, the lower the hydroxide ion concentration; the reverse is also true
What affect does H+ ion concentration have on the pH of a solution?
The higher the hydrogen ion concentration, the more acidic the solution in, the lower the pH
What is the pH scale?
Measures how acidic or basic a solution is
How is the pH scale used to determine how acidic or basic a solution is?
Compare it to neutral (pH = 7); above 7 is basic, below 7 is acidic
