Chapter 6 Flashcards
1
Q
what are the 3 processes in memory
A
- encoding
- storage
- retrieval
2
Q
what is encoding
A
- selective attention and transform information to be stored in memory
3
Q
what is storage
A
- keeping or maintaining information in memory
4
Q
what is retrieval
A
- stored information is brought to mind
5
Q
what is the information-processing approach
A
- mental structures and processes
- computer as model for human thinking
6
Q
what is sensory memory
A
- holds information coming through sense for fraction of second to several seconds
- each piece of information
- holds visual images for a fraction of a second; holds sounds for 2 seconds
7
Q
what is short term memory
A
- 5-9 bits of information
- STM works in less than 30 seconds
- when short term memory is full, displacement occurs
- bits of information made larger by chunking
- information kept in short-term memory by rehearsal
8
Q
what are the 3 memory steps
A
- sensory memory
- short term memory
- long-term memory
9
Q
what is short term memory
A
- codes information in acoustic form
- can hold visual information
- can store information in semantic form (meaning)
10
Q
what is the capacity of the short-term memory
A
- sensory memory can hold a vast amount of information briefly
- but short-term memory has very limited capacity
- seven (+ or -) bits of information
- STM lasts less than 30 seconds
11
Q
what is displacement
A
- when short term memory is filled to capacity
- each incoming item pushes out existing item which is forgotten
12
Q
what is chunking
A
- grouping separate bits of information into larger units (chunks)
13
Q
what is rehearsal
A
- repeat information to maintain
- repeat silent or out loud
- short term memory very fragile
- interruption or distraction can lose information in a few seconds
14
Q
what is the working memory
A
- STM is a component of broader system of temporary storage structures and processes called working memory
- mental workspace holding information from sensory memory to long term memory
- working memory is erasable mental blackboard
15
Q
what are memory strategies
A
- manipulate information to make easier to remember
- some strategies automatic
- some strategies require more effort
- rote rehearsal not the best way to remember
16
Q
what is the levels of processing model
A
- ‘shallow’ processing (sound)
- ‘deep’ processing (meaning) works better
- elaboration strategies: relate new information to long term memory information
17
Q
what is long term memory
A
- permanent or relatively permanent memories
- unlimited capacity
- information in long term memory usually stored in semantic form
18
Q
what is the declarative memory
A
- stores facts, information, and personal life events, such as a trip to a foreign country. non declarative memory encompasses motor skills, such as dance movements, which, once learned, can be carried out with little or no conscious effort
- episodic memory contains memory of personal events
- semantic memory is for objective facts and information
19
Q
what is non-declarative memory
A
- motor skills, habits, classically conditioned responses
20
Q
what is recall
A
- information without retrieval cues
- serial recall means recall in specific order
- measuring memory