chapter Flashcards
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, also known as the Turkish Empire, Ottoman Turkey, was an empire founded at the end of the thirteenth century in northwestern Anatolia in the vicinity of Bilecik and Söğüt by the Oghuz Turkish tribal leader Osman.
janissaries
Janissaries
The Janissaries were elite infantry units that formed the Ottoman Sultan’s household troops and bodyguards.
sultan
is a noble title with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning “strength”, “authority”, “rulership”, derived from the verbal noun سلطة sulṭah, meaning “authority” or “power”.
sultanate
: a state or country governed by a sultan
Haren
is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany in the district of Emsland. Haren was first mentioned in the Middle Ages in a registry of the Corvey Abbey.
Aurangzeb
Abu’l Muzaffar Muhi-ud-Din Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir, commonly known as Aurangzeb or by his regenal title Alamgir, was the sixth, and widely considered the last effective Mughal Emperor. He ruled over most of the Indian subcontinent during some parts of his reign, which lasted for 49 years from 1658 until his death in 1707.
shah
is a title given to the emperors/kings and lords of Iran a.k.a. Persia. It was also adopted by the kings of Shirvan (a historical Iranian region in Transcaucasia) namely the Shirvanshahs, the rulers and offspring of the Ottoman Empire (termed there as Şeh), as well as in Afghanistan, and Pakistan.
maratha kingdom
The Maratha Empire or the Maratha Confederacy was an Indian power that existed from 1674 to 1818 and ruled over much of the Indian sub-continent. The Marathas are credited to a large extent for ending the Mughal rule in India. The Marathas are the Hindu warrior group from the western Deccan Plateau that rose to prominence by establishing a Hindavi Swarajya.
Timur the Lame
was a Turco-Mongol conqueror and the founder of the Timurid Empire in Persia and Central Asia. He was also the first ruler in the Timurid dynasty.
mehmet the conqueror
Mehmet conquered Constantinople?the Byzantine city believed to be unconquerable?by dragging ships overland. From then on, Constantinople became known as Istanbul, and Mehmet as the Conqueror. His skills and ambitions, however, extended well beyond the military.
Emmperor Akbar
was Mughal Emperor from 1556 until his death. He was the third and one of the greatest rulers of the Mughal Dynasty in India.
nur jahan
Nur Jahan born Mehr-un-Nissa, was the twentieth but most beloved, and therefore most important consort of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir.
Delhi
the National Capital Territory of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India. It is bordered by Haryana on three sides and by Uttar Pradesh to the east.
sufism
or Tasawwuf, according to its adherents, is the inner mystical dimension of Islam. Practitioners of Sufism (Tasawwuf), referred to as Sufis, often belong to different ṭuruq or “orders”—congregations formed around a grand master referred to as a Mawla who maintains a direct chain of teachers back to the Prophet Muhammad.
sikishm
is a monotheistic religion that originated in the Punjab region of South Asia (subcontinental India) during the 15th century.
Taj Mahal
is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the south bank of the Yamuna river in the Indian city of Agra. It was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan, to house the tomb of his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal.
safavid
was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran, often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history. The Safavid shahs ruled over one of the so-called gunpowder empires.
Ismail Abbas
is an Iraqi man who drew a lot of media attention after being severely injured in a night-time aerial missile attack near Baghdad during the United States’ 2003 invasion of Iraq.
sufis
is defined as the inner mystical dimension of Islam. Practitioners of Sufism (Tasawwuf), referred to as Sufis, often belong to different ṭuruq or “orders”—congregations formed around a grand master referred to as a Mawla who maintains a direct chain of teachers back to the Prophet Muhammad.
suleyman
is a Russian businessman, investor and politician. Since 2008, Kerimov has represented the Republic of Dagestan in the Federation Council of Russian
Esmail
The literal translation of the name Ismail is heard by Allah or God has heard and it refers to the yearning of Ibrahim and his wife, Sarah, to have a child.
safidon
is a city and a municipal committee in Jind district in the Indian state of Haryana. Safidon is located at 29° 25’ 0” North, 76° 40’ 0” East. It has an average elevation of 221 m. Safidon is the center of Panipat and Jind.
kizilbash
is the label given to a wide variety of Shi’i militant groups that flourished in Azerbaijan, Anatolia and Kurdistan from the late 13th century onwards, some of which contributed to the foundation of the Safavid dynasty of Iran.
Rajputs
is a member of one of the patrilineal clans of western, central, northern India and current eastern Pakistan. They seem to have risen to prominence from the late 6th century CE and governed the majority of princely states in Rajasthan and Surashtra during the period of the British Raj.
Sikh Faith
Sikhism, or Sikhi, is a monotheistic religion that originated in the Punjab region of South Asia (subcontinental India) during the 15th century.
