chapter

Question 1

Ottoman Empire

Answer 1

The Ottoman Empire, also known as the Turkish Empire, Ottoman Turkey, was an empire founded at the end of the thirteenth century in northwestern Anatolia in the vicinity of Bilecik and Söğüt by the Oghuz Turkish tribal leader Osman.

Question 2

janissaries

Answer 2

Janissaries

The Janissaries were elite infantry units that formed the Ottoman Sultan’s household troops and bodyguards.

Question 3

sultan

Answer 3

is a noble title with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning “strength”, “authority”, “rulership”, derived from the verbal noun سلطة sulṭah, meaning “authority” or “power”.

Question 4

sultanate

Answer 4

: a state or country governed by a sultan

Question 5

Haren

Answer 5

is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany in the district of Emsland. Haren was first mentioned in the Middle Ages in a registry of the Corvey Abbey.

Question 6

Aurangzeb

Answer 6

Abu’l Muzaffar Muhi-ud-Din Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir, commonly known as Aurangzeb or by his regenal title Alamgir, was the sixth, and widely considered the last effective Mughal Emperor. He ruled over most of the Indian subcontinent during some parts of his reign, which lasted for 49 years from 1658 until his death in 1707.

Question 7

shah

Answer 7

is a title given to the emperors/kings and lords of Iran a.k.a. Persia. It was also adopted by the kings of Shirvan (a historical Iranian region in Transcaucasia) namely the Shirvanshahs, the rulers and offspring of the Ottoman Empire (termed there as Şeh), as well as in Afghanistan, and Pakistan.

Question 8

maratha kingdom

Answer 8

The Maratha Empire or the Maratha Confederacy was an Indian power that existed from 1674 to 1818 and ruled over much of the Indian sub-continent. The Marathas are credited to a large extent for ending the Mughal rule in India. The Marathas are the Hindu warrior group from the western Deccan Plateau that rose to prominence by establishing a Hindavi Swarajya.

Question 9

Timur the Lame

Answer 9

was a Turco-Mongol conqueror and the founder of the Timurid Empire in Persia and Central Asia. He was also the first ruler in the Timurid dynasty.

Question 10

mehmet the conqueror

Answer 10

Mehmet conquered Constantinople?the Byzantine city believed to be unconquerable?by dragging ships overland. From then on, Constantinople became known as Istanbul, and Mehmet as the Conqueror. His skills and ambitions, however, extended well beyond the military.

Question 11

Emmperor Akbar

Answer 11

was Mughal Emperor from 1556 until his death. He was the third and one of the greatest rulers of the Mughal Dynasty in India.

Question 12

nur jahan

Answer 12

Nur Jahan born Mehr-un-Nissa, was the twentieth but most beloved, and therefore most important consort of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir.

Question 13

Delhi

Answer 13

the National Capital Territory of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India. It is bordered by Haryana on three sides and by Uttar Pradesh to the east.

Question 14

sufism

Answer 14

or Tasawwuf, according to its adherents, is the inner mystical dimension of Islam. Practitioners of Sufism (Tasawwuf), referred to as Sufis, often belong to different ṭuruq or “orders”—congregations formed around a grand master referred to as a Mawla who maintains a direct chain of teachers back to the Prophet Muhammad.

Question 15

sikishm

Answer 15

is a monotheistic religion that originated in the Punjab region of South Asia (subcontinental India) during the 15th century.

Question 16

Taj Mahal

Answer 16

is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the south bank of the Yamuna river in the Indian city of Agra. It was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan, to house the tomb of his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal.

Question 17

safavid

Answer 17

was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran, often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history. The Safavid shahs ruled over one of the so-called gunpowder empires.

Question 18

Ismail Abbas

Answer 18

is an Iraqi man who drew a lot of media attention after being severely injured in a night-time aerial missile attack near Baghdad during the United States’ 2003 invasion of Iraq.

Question 19

sufis

Answer 19

is defined as the inner mystical dimension of Islam. Practitioners of Sufism (Tasawwuf), referred to as Sufis, often belong to different ṭuruq or “orders”—congregations formed around a grand master referred to as a Mawla who maintains a direct chain of teachers back to the Prophet Muhammad.

Question 20

suleyman

Answer 20

is a Russian businessman, investor and politician. Since 2008, Kerimov has represented the Republic of Dagestan in the Federation Council of Russian

Question 21

Esmail

Answer 21

The literal translation of the name Ismail is heard by Allah or God has heard and it refers to the yearning of Ibrahim and his wife, Sarah, to have a child.

Question 22

safidon

Answer 22

is a city and a municipal committee in Jind district in the Indian state of Haryana. Safidon is located at 29° 25’ 0” North, 76° 40’ 0” East. It has an average elevation of 221 m. Safidon is the center of Panipat and Jind.

Question 23

kizilbash

Answer 23

is the label given to a wide variety of Shi’i militant groups that flourished in Azerbaijan, Anatolia and Kurdistan from the late 13th century onwards, some of which contributed to the foundation of the Safavid dynasty of Iran.

Question 24

Rajputs

Answer 24

is a member of one of the patrilineal clans of western, central, northern India and current eastern Pakistan. They seem to have risen to prominence from the late 6th century CE and governed the majority of princely states in Rajasthan and Surashtra during the period of the British Raj.

Question 25

Sikh Faith

Answer 25

Sikhism, or Sikhi, is a monotheistic religion that originated in the Punjab region of South Asia (subcontinental India) during the 15th century.