Chapter 4

Question 1

Ming Dynasty

Answer 1

The Ming dynasty was the ruling dynasty of China—then known as the Empire of the Great Ming—for 276 years following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty.

Question 2

Qing Dynasty

Answer 2

The Qing dynasty, officially the Great Qing, also called the Empire of the Great Qing or the Manchu dynasty, was the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917.

Question 3

examination System

Answer 3

The imperial examinations were a civil service examination system in Imperial China to select candidates for the state bureaucracy. Although there were imperial exams as early as the Han dynasty, the system became widely utilized as the major path to office only in the mid-Tang dynasty, and remained so until its abolition in 1905.

Question 4

opium

Answer 4

Opium is the dried latex obtained from the opium poppy. Opium latex contains approximately 12 percent of the analgesic alkaloid morphine, which is processed chemically to produce heroin and other synthetic opioids for medicinal use and for the illegal drug trade.

Question 5

Taiping Rebellion

Answer 5

The Taiping Rebellion or Taiping Civil War was a massive rebellion or civil war in China that lasted from 1850 to 1864, which was fought between the established Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the millenarian movement of the Heavenly Kingdom

Question 6

Beijing

Answer 6

Beijing is the capital of the People’s Republic of China and the world’s third most populous city proper. It is also one of the world’s most populous capital cities.

Question 7

Treaty of naning

Answer 7

The Treaty of Nanking, formally called the Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Commerce between Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland and the Emperor of China, was signed on the 29 August 1842 to mark the end of the First Opium War (1839–42) between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Qing dynasty of China.

Question 8

taiwan

Answer 8

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China, is a state in East Asia. Neighbors include the People’s Republic of China to the west, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south.

Question 9

Empress

Answer 9

An emperor is a (male) monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor’s wife (empress consort), mother (empress dowager), or a woman who rules in her own right (empress regnant). Emperors are generally recognized to be of a higher honour and rank than kings.

Question 10

Cixi

Answer 10

Empress Dowager Cixi, of the Manchu Yehenara clan, was a Chinese empress dowager and regent who effectively controlled the Chinese government in the late Qing dynasty for 47 years from 1861 until her death in 1908.

Question 11

Self-strengthening movement

Answer 11

The Self-Strengthening Movement, c. 1861–1895, was a period of institutional reforms initiated in China during the late Qing dynasty following a series of military defeats and concessions to foreign powers.

Question 12

porcelain

Answer 12

: a hard, fine-grained, sonorous, nonporous, and usually translucent and white ceramic ware that consists essentially of kaolin, quartz, and a feldspathic rock and is fired at a high temperature —called also hard-paste porcelain, true porcelain

Question 13

Boxer Rebellion

Answer 13

Movement was a violent anti-foreign and anti-Christian uprising that took place in China between 1899 and 1901, towards the end of the Qing dynasty.

Question 14

Tokagawa Shogunate

Answer 14

also known as the Tokugawa bakufu and the Edo bakufu, was the last feudal Japanese military government which existed between 1603 and 1868. The heads of government were the shoguns, and each was a member of the Tokugawa clan. The Tokugawa shogunate ruled from Edo Castle and the years of shogunate became known as the Edo period.

Question 15

commodore mattew perry

Answer 15

Matthew Calbraith Perry was a Commodore of the United States Navy and commanded a number of ships. He served in several wars, most notably in the Mexican–American War and the War of 1812. He played a leading role in the opening of Japan to the West with the Convention of Kanagawa in 1854.

Question 16

meiji Restoration

Answer 16

The Meiji Restoration, also known as the Meiji Ishin, Renovation, Revolution, Reform, or Renewal, was a chain of events that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji. New Meiji rulers still restore the power to the Emperor Meiji who was considered a descendant of the sun goddess Amaterasu at that time.

Question 17

consulate

Answer 17

the place or building in which a consul’s duties are carried out.

Question 18

Eta

Answer 18

ETA, an acronym for Euskadi Ta Askatasuna is an armed Basque nationalist and separatist organization in northern Spain and southwestern France.

Question 19

Edo

Answer 19

Edo, also romanized as Jedo, Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of Tokyo. It was the seat of power for the Tokugawa shogunate, which ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868.

Question 20

The Hermit kingdom

Answer 20

Hermit kingdom is a term applied to any country, organization or society which willfully walls itself off, either metaphorically or physically, from the rest of the world. The Joseon dynasty of Korea was frequently described as a hermit kingdom during the latter part of the dynasty. The term is still commonplace throughout Korea and is often used by Koreans themselves to describe pre-modern Korea.

Question 21

Isolation Ism

Answer 21

is a category of foreign policies institutionalized by leaders who asserted that their nations’ best interests were best served by keeping the affairs of other countries at a distance. One possible motivation for limiting international involvement is to avoid being drawn into dangerous and otherwise undesirable conflicts.

Question 22

Dutch learning

Answer 22

is a body of knowledge developed by Japan through its contacts with the Dutch enclave of Dejima, which allowed Japan to keep abreast of Western technology and medicine in the period when the country was closed to foreigners, 1641–1853, because of the Tokugawa shogunate’s policy of national isolation (sakoku).

Question 23

Queue

Answer 23

a line or sequence of people or vehicles awaiting their turn to be attended to or to proceed

Question 24

Hsuan-yeh

Answer 24

was the fourth emperor of the Qing dynasty,[1] the first to be born on Chinese soil south of the Shanhai Pass near Beijing, and the second Qing emperor to rule over that part of China, from 1661 to 1722

Question 25

Philogy

Answer 25

Philology is the study of language in written historical sources; it is a combination of literary criticism, history, and linguistics. It is more commonly defined as the study of literary texts and written records, the establishment of their authenticity and their original form, and the determination of their meaning. A person who pursues this kind of study is known as a philologist.

Question 26

Extraterritoriality

Answer 26

is the state of being exempted from the jurisdiction of local law, usually as the result of diplomatic negotiations. Historically, this applied to individuals.

Question 27

unequal treaties

Answer 27

is any of a series of treaties signed with Western powers during the 19th and early 20th centuries by Qing dynasty China and late Tokugawa Japan after suffering military defeat by the foreign powers or when there was a threat of military action by those powers.

Question 28

yangtze treaties

Answer 28

The river is the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country. It drains one-fifth of the land area of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and its river basin is home to one-third of the country’s population.

Question 29

Toyotomi Hideyoshi

Answer 29

Toyotomi Hideyoshi was a preeminent daimyo, warrior, general, samurai, and politician of the Sengoku period who is regarded as Japan’s second “great unifier”. He succeeded his former liege lord, Oda Nobunaga, and brought an end to the Warring States period.