Chapter 55

Question 1

all organisms (biotic factors) living together (community) and abiotic factors with which they interact

Answer 1

ecosystem

Question 2

Living organisms in ecosystems:

Answer 2

help each other, harm each other, and could have no effect on each other

Question 3

Structure and dynamics of a community depend on

Answer 3

who eats whom (trophic structure of community)

Question 4

Plants produce food for the community

Answer 4

autotroph (primary producers)

Question 5

Plants are eaten by?

Answer 5

Herbivores (primary consumers)

Question 6

Herbivores are eaten by?

Answer 6

Carnivores (secondary producers)

Question 7

higher level carnivores

Answer 7

tertiary and quaternary consumers

Question 8

energy transfer through a community

Answer 8

food chain

Question 9

different food chains can be linked together to form a?

Answer 9

food web

Question 10

Loss of one species can affect different?

Answer 10

food chains

Question 11

get their energy from detritus

Answer 11

decomposers (detritivores)

Question 12

Decomposers convert organic material from all levels into?

Answer 12

inorganic compounds

Question 13

inorganic chemicals also present in air, soil, and water

Answer 13

carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus

Question 14

number of organisms an ecosystem can support depends on its level of?

Answer 14

primary production

Question 15

amount of light energy converted to chemical energy by autotrophs during given time period

Answer 15

primary production

Question 16

About ___ of visible light from sun is converted to chemical energy.

Answer 16

1%

Question 17

What affects primary production?

Answer 17

temperature and moisture

Question 18

Plants use ___ in the ___ to build organic molecules.

Answer 18

chemicals; soil

Question 19

energy is lost from an ecosystem as?

Answer 19

heat

Question 20

CO2, water vapor, and other greenhouse gases reflect infrared radiation back toward Earth

Answer 20

greenhouse effect

Question 21

___ causes mutation in DNA.

Answer 21

UV

Question 22

Some organisms can detoxify polluted ecosystems. These are planted and harvested once the metals have been removed.

Answer 22

bioremediation

Question 23

component of amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Answer 23

nitrogen

Question 24

If too much fertilizer is added, this can contaminate groundwater, freshwater, and marine ecosystems

Answer 24

eutrophication

Question 25

Global recycling consists of?

Answer 25

gaseous carbon, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen

Question 26

Local recycling consists of?

Answer 26

phosphorus, potassium, and calcium cycle