Chapter 52

Question 1

scientific study of interactions between organisms and the environment (determine distribution of organisms and their abundance)

Answer 1

ecology

Question 2

group of individuals of same species living in an area

Answer 2

population

Question 3

group of populations of different species in an area

Answer 3

community

Question 4

community of organisms of different species in a specific area and physical factors with which they interact

Answer 4

ecosystem

Question 5

global ecosystem, sum of all planet’s ecosystems

Answer 5

biosphere

Question 6

Ecological time is related to?

Answer 6

evolutionary time

Question 7

Changes in ecosystems over time affect what?

Answer 7

evolution of a species

Question 8

The major factor affecting where plants and animals live on Earth is?

Answer 8

climate

Question 9

What are 4 major abiotic components?

Answer 9

1. temperature
2. water
3. sunlight
4. wind

Question 10

weather patterns on global, regional, and landscape levels

Answer 10

macroclimate

Question 11

Global climate patterns are determined largely by?

Answer 11

input of solar energy

Earth’s movement in space

Question 12

Warming by ___ ___ establishes temperature variations, cycles of air and water movement, and evaporation of water.

Answer 12

solar energy (results in latitudinal variations in climate)

Question 13

important factor because of effects on biological processes

Answer 13

temperature

Question 14

Cells may freeze and rupture below

Answer 14

0 degrees Celsius

Question 15

Most proteins denature above

Answer 15

45 degrees Celsius

Question 16

Cells are mostly made up of

Answer 16

water

Question 17

Light intensity and quality affect?

Answer 17

photosynthesis

Question 18

In aquatic environments, plants live near?

Answer 18

the surface

Question 19

Climate patterns can be modified by?

Answer 19

seasonal variation in climate, large bodies of water, and mountain ranges

Question 20

Ocean currents influence climate along the coasts of continents by?

Answer 20

heating or cooling air passing over the land

Question 21

air over the land heats up and rises, drawing cool air from the?

Answer 21

water onto the land

Question 22

At night, temperatures drop more quickly over ___ than over ___.

Answer 22

land; water

Question 23

can affect air flow over the land

Answer 23

mountains

Question 24

Rising air increases moisture on ___ side of mountains and creates a “rain shadow” on the ___ side.

Answer 24

windward; leeward

Question 25

Shaded areas experience ___ ___ ___ than cleared areas.

Answer 25

less temperature extremes

Question 26

Low lying ground is usually ___ than higher ground.

Answer 26

wetter

Question 27

A __ or __ can shelter plants and animals from extremes of temperature

Answer 27

log; stone

Question 28

Temperature and moisture are most important factors in?

Answer 28

limiting geographic ranges of plants and animals

Question 29

major life zones

Answer 29

biomes

Question 30

Terrestrial biomes characterized by the type of

Answer 30

vegetation

Question 31

Aquatic biomes characterized by

Answer 31

the physical environment

Question 32

Salt water (marine) biomes have salt concentrations of around?

Answer 32

3%

Question 33

Fresh water biomes have a salt concentration of?

Answer 33

less than 0.1%

Question 34

largest marine biome

Answer 34

ocean

Question 35

Oceans are ___ of Earth's surface

Answer 35

75%

Question 36

have a big impact on the biosphere

Answer 36

oceans

Question 37

Affect global climate and wind patterns

Answer 37

ocean temperature

Question 38

___ ___ and ___ ___ supply larger amounts of the world's ___ and consume large amounts of ___ ___.

Answer 38

Marine algae; photosynthetic bacteria; oxygen; carbon dioxide

Question 39

a temperature boundary that separates the warm upper layer from the deep cooler water in oceans

Answer 39

thermocline

Question 40

Many lakes undergo a semiannual mixing of their waters called?

Answer 40

turnover

Question 41

Turnover mixes ___ ___ from the surface with ___-___ ___ from the bottom.

Answer 41

oxygenated water; nutrient-rich water