Chapter 34

Question 1

series of bones that make up the backbone

Answer 1

vertebrae

Question 2

Presently about ___ species of vertebrates

Answer 2

52,000

Question 3

provides skeletal support

Answer 3

notochord

Question 4

adult retains only ___ of embryonic notochord

Answer 4

remnants

Question 5

The dorsal, hollow nerve cord, evolved into the central nervous system which contains?

Answer 5

brain and spinal cord

Question 6

The pharyngeal slits, or clefts, evolved into?

Answer 6

parts of ear, head, and neck in tetrapods

Question 7

Similarity in developmental genes between today’s ___ ___ and ___.

Answer 7

invertebrate chordates; vertebrae

Question 8

are chordates with a backbone

Answer 8

Vertebrates

Question 9

four limbs, and feet with digits
ears for detecting airborne sound
early ones remained dependent on water (shared with today’s amphibians)

Answer 9

derived characteristics of tetrapods

Question 10

Next important step in evolution?

Answer 10

evolution of amniote egg

Question 11

contains membranes that protect embryo from environment

Answer 11

amniote egg

Question 12

What are the different types of reptiles?

Answer 12

lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodilians, birds, and the extinct dinosaurs

Question 13

Almost every feature of what kind of anatomy is modified for flight?

Answer 13

reptile

Question 14

Birds descended from small, carnivorous dinosaurs approximately ___ ___ years ago.

Answer 14

150 million

Question 15

oldest bird known

Answer 15

archaeopteryx

Question 16

amniotes that produce milk in mammary glands for offspring

Answer 16

mammals

Question 17

hair and layer of fat to retain body heat
efficient respiratory and circulatory systems
larger brain than other vertebrates of equivalent size

Answer 17

mammals

Question 18

What are today’s 3 living lineages? (mammal)

Answer 18

1. Monotremes
2. Marsupials
3. Eutherians

Question 19

small group of egg laying mammals

Answer 19

monotremes eg. echnida and platypus

Question 20

embryo develops within a placenta in mother’s uterus

Answer 20

marsupials eg. kangaroo, opposum

Question 21

embryonic development completed within uterus, joined to mother by the placenta
longer pregnancy

Answer 21

eutherians (placental mammals) eg. cats, dogs, whales, primates

Question 22

forward-looking eyes close together on face=

Answer 22

depth perception in primates

Question 23

Compared to other apes, humans have what?

Answer 23

1. upright posture and bipedal locomotion
2. larger brains
3. language capabilities and symbolic thought
4. can manufacture and use complex tools

Question 24

The species Homo sapiens is about ___ years old.

Answer 24

200,000

Question 25

Fossils have been found in Africa of species more closely related to humans than to chimpanzees. What are they known as and how long ago?

Answer 25

Hominins; 6.5 million years ago

Question 26

The species Homo originated when?

Answer 26

2.5 million years ago

Question 27

The first hominin to leave Africa was ___ ___ who originated in Africa ___ ___ years ago.

Answer 27

Homo erectus; 1.8 million years ago

Question 28

Homo sapiens appeared in Africa when?

Answer 28

195,000 years ago

Question 29

Humans first arrived in the New World sometime before?

Answer 29

15,000 years ago

Question 30

lived in Europe and the Near East from 200,000 to 28,000 years ago

Answer 30

Homo neanderthalenis