Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A.P. Biology > Chapter 53: Population Ecology > Flashcards

Chapter 53: Population Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

population ecology

A

study of population in relation to their environment

how abiotic and biotic factors influence density, distribution, size, age structure of populations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

natural selection changees frequencies of

A

alleles and traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

population

A

group of individuals of same species living in same general area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

density

A

number of individuals per unit area or volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

dispersion

A

pattern of spacing among individuals within boundaries of population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

mark-recapture method

A

capture and tag individuals of population and repeat process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

equation for mark-recapture method

A

N=sn/x
estimated population size = (#animals marked in first capture)(#animals captured in second sampling) / (#animals marked in second sampling)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

density changes as individuals are

A

added/removed from a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

addition of animals

A

birth or immigration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

removal of animals

A

death or emigration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

local density patterns

A

clumped, uniform, random

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

clumped local density

A

individuals in groups for environmental reasons, mating behavior, predation or defense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

uniform local density

A

evenly spaced individuals for territorial reasons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

territoriality

A

defense of bounded space against encroachment by other individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

random local density

A

unpredictable spacing when there is no strong attraction/repulsion among individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

demography

A

study of vital statistics of populations and how they change over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

life tables

A

age specific summaries of survival pattern of population, follows fate of cohort until all are dead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cohort

A

group of individuals of same age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

survivorship curve

A

plot of proportion or numbers in a cohort still alive at each age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

type I survivorship curve

A

usually few offspring, but provide care and many survive to old age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

type II survivorship curve

A

constant death rate over lifespan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

type III survivorship curve

A

usually many offspring but many die at early age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

reproductive table

A

age specific summary of reproductive rates in a population

measures reproductive output of a cohort from birth to death, tallies number of female offspring produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

change in population size =

A

births + immigrants -deaths - emigrants

25
Q

per capita birth rate

A

offspring produced per unit time by average member of population (b)

26
Q

equation to calculate expected number of births per year

A

B=bN

27
Q

per capita death rate

A

individuals that die per unit time (m)

28
Q

equation to calculate expected number of deaths per year

A

D=mN

29
Q

per capita rate of increase (r)

A

difference between per capita birth and death rates

30
Q

equation for r

A

r=b-m

31
Q

r>0

A

growing population

32
Q

r

A

population declining

33
Q

ZPG

A

zero population growth when birth/death rates are equal

34
Q

change in population over change in time =

A

rN

35
Q

exponential growth

A

population growth under ideal conditions

36
Q

exponential growth occurs when

A

populations introduced into new environment

number drastically reduced by catastrophic event

37
Q

exponential growth equation

A

dN/dt = r(max)N

38
Q

carrying capacity (K)

A

max population size an environment can sustain

39
Q

carrying capacity equation

A

rmax x N x (K-N)/K

40
Q

allele effect

A

individuals may have more difficult time surviving/reproducing if population is too small

41
Q

life history

A

when reproduction begins, how often organism reproduces, how many offspring are reproduced

42
Q

semelparity

A

one reproductive episode in which thousands of offspring are produced

43
Q

heroparity

A

multiple reproduction episodes in which few offspring are produced

44
Q

what contributes to whether species is semelparity or heroparity

A

survival rate of offspring, likelihood that adult will survive and reproduce again

45
Q

K selection

A

selection for traits that are sensitive to population density and favored at high densities

46
Q

K selection occurs in populations

A

near carrying capacity where competition is stronger

47
Q

r selection

A

selection for traits that maximize reproductive success in uncrowded environments

48
Q

r selection occurs in populations

A

well below K with little competition

49
Q

density independent

A

a birth or death rate that does not change with population density

50
Q

density dependent

A

a birth or death rate that rises/falls inversely with population density

51
Q

examples of density dependent factors that regulate population growth

A

competition for resources, predation, toxic wastes, intrinsic factors (hormones), territoriality, disease

52
Q

population dynamics

A

population fluctuations from year to year or place to place

focuses on biotic/abiotic factors that influence population

53
Q

metapopulation

A

when local populations are linked by immigration and emigration

54
Q

demographic transition

A

change from high birth/death rates to low birth/death rates usually due to industrialization and improved living conditions, health care, education

55
Q

age structure

A

relative # of individuals of each age in the population

56
Q

infant mortality

A

infant deaths per 1000 live births

57
Q

life expectancy at birth

A

predicted average length of life at birth

58
Q

ecological footprint

A

concept of summary of land/water area required by each person, city, or nation to produce all resources it consumes and absorb all waste it generates

59
Q

global carrying capacity could be limited by`

A

food, energy use, space, nonrenewable resources, etc.

A.P. Biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions