Chapter 52- Assessment of GI System Flashcards
Questions to ask to assess GI system
Diet
Family history/genetic risk
Current health problems (GI disorders)
Culture
Age
Alcohol/Tobacco
How often do you have BM
Laxatives
Medications
What position to assess GI system?
supine
passing flatulence expected within
10 hours
increased bowel sounds can indicate
diarrhea
absence of bowel sounds can be
constipation
Assessment order for GI system
inspect, auscultate, percuss, palpate
hepatic encephalopathy:
condition that affects the brain
temporary worsening cognition
buildup of toxins in the brain due to advanced liver disease
occult blood in stool can be a sign of
upper/lower GI bleed
upper is darker blood (hard to see because blood disgusted already)
lower- brighter blood (evidence of colitis, chrons disease)
Imaging assessment
CT of abdomen used to evaluate many abdominal disorders
ultrasound
xray (upper GI series)
Colonoscopy
Endoscopy
ERCP (best) Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (see how dye travels through liver cells)
MRI
EGD (esophagogastroduodenoscopy)
Most common oral cavity problem
Stomatitis
Treatment for stomatitis
oral hygiene!!
sodium bicarb
hydrogen peroxide
if viral- use acyclovir
avoid commercial mouth rinse
Oral cavity problems can be due to
candidiasis
swish and swallow rinse
consider dietary changes (high protein, high vitamin c diets, soups, cool or cold)
Most common oral cancer:
squamous cell carcinoma
can be found in people with certain occupations (textile workers, plumbers- prolonged exposure to lead?)
2nd most common oral cancer
Basal cell carcinoma
resembles a raised scab
Rolling hiatal hernia is more dangerous than
sliding hiatal hernia
