Chapter 5.1-5.7

Question 0

fMRI measures?

Answer 0

The BOLD signal

Question 1

List some advantages of using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) instead of Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Answer 1

1) nothing has to be injected into the volunteer
2) it provides both structural and functional info in the same image
3) it’s spatial resolution is better
4) it can be used to produce three-dimensional images of activity over the entire brain

Question 2

fMRI has poor?

Answer 2

Temporal resolution

Question 3

Describe the MRI method that measures white matter connections among structures via water molecules

Answer 3

(DTI) diffuser tensor imaging measures white matter tracts or bundles of myelinated axons along which water rapidly diffuses.

Question 4

True or false. PET and fMRI prove that brain activity is the cause of particular cognitive or behavioral functions.

Answer 4

True.

Question 5

Which methods tests the effect of “turning off” brain areas on cognition and/or behaviors?

Answer 5

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Question 6

Describe the two types of info typically provided about average evoked potentials (AEPS)

Answer 6

Direction (letter P or N) positive of negative

Latency (number)

Question 7

What does P300 mean?

Answer 7

P300- Positive wave that occurs and about 300 msec after presentation of a meaningful stimulus

Question 8

Would it be feasible to use MEG to measure activity in the hippocampus

Answer 8

No, only measures structures close to the surface of the brain. Hippocampus is farther down.

Question 9

In a customized neuropsychological battery, how does a neuropsychologist decide which tests of specific neuropsychological function to administer?

Answer 9

Provide a common battery of tests selected by the neuropsychologist to prove an indication of the general nature of the neuropsychological symptoms.

Question 10

With the sodium Amytal test, how is the dominant language hemisphere determined?

Answer 10

The dominant hemisphere for language is the hemisphere that demonstrates temporary muteness when subjected to anesthesia.

Question 11

What are two assumptions that guide cognitive neuroscience research?

Answer 11

1) Complex cognitive process results from the combined activity of simple cognitive processes
2) Each constituent cognitive process is mediated by neural activity in a particular area of the brain

Question 12

What is the default mode network?

Answer 12

Brain structures active during rest (default mode) and less active during cognitive processes.