Chapter 10

Question 1

Cerebrovascular disorders of sudden onset are called

Answer 1

Strokes

Question 2

Define closed head injury

Answer 2

Brain injuries produced by blows that do not penetrate the skull

Question 3

What is a concussion?

Answer 3

Closed-head injuries that involves no damage to the cerebral circulatory system

Question 4

Describe the difference between generalized and partial seizures

Answer 4

Generalized-involves the entire brain

Partial- does not involve the entire brain

Question 5

What are the symptoms of full-blown Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 5

Initial symptoms: mild, no more than slight stiffness or tenor of the finger- but they do inevitably increase in severity w advancing yrs

Most common symptoms- a tremor that is pronounced during inactivity but not during voluntary movement or sleep, muscular rigidity, difficulty initiating movement, slowness of movement, and a mask-like face

Pain and depression often develop before the motor symptoms become severe

Question 6

What are the symptoms of full-blown huntington’s disease?

Answer 6

Increased fidgetiness. As the disorder develops, rapid, complex, jerky movements, of entire limbs begin to predominate. Eventually, motor and intellectual deterioration become so severe that sufferers are incapable of feeding themselves, controlling bowel movements, or recognizing their own children

Question 7

What are the neurobiological and neurochemical changes associated with Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 7

Widespread degeneration, which is severe in the substania nigra-midbrain nucleus

Although dopamine is normally the major neurotransmitter released by most neurons of the substania nigra, there is little dopamine in the substantia nigra and striatum of long-term Parkinson’s patients

Question 8

Describe the primary CNS dysfunction in multiple sclerosis

Answer 8

MS is a progressive disease that attacks the myelin if axons in the CNS

Microscopic areas of degeneration on myelin sheath; but eventually damage to the myelin is so severe that the associated axons become dysfunctional and degenerate. Ultimately, many areas of hard scar tissue develop in the CNS

Question 9

Describe the 3 defining neurobiological consequences of Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 9

Neurofibrillary tangle
Amyloid plaques
Neuron loss

Question 10

__________ make up 20% of brain tumors, grow in the meninges, are encapsulated and benign

Answer 10

Meningiomas