Chapter 2

Question 0

Describe the difference between phenotype and genotype

Answer 0

Phenotype- an organisms observable traits

Genotype- the traits that it can pass on to its offspring through genetic material

Question 1

All behavior is a products of the interactions between genetic, experience, and?

Answer 1

Perception of the situation

Question 2

Describe the difference between homozygous and heterozygous

Answer 2

Homozygous- organisms that possess two identical genes

Heterozygous- organisms that possess two different genes for a trait

Question 3

How many chromosomes do gametes have

Answer 3

23

Question 4

How many chromosomes does each cell in the human body possess?

Answer 4

23 pairs or 46 individual chromosomes

Question 5

Define enhancer

Answer 5

Stretches of DNA who’s function is to determine whether particular structural genes initiate the synthesis of proteins and at what rate.

Question 6

Define transcription factor

Answer 6

Proteins that bind to DNA and influence the extent to which genes are expressed

Question 7

Describe the way that DNA is transformed into protein (protein synthesis) how is the genetic code carried to the ribosomes?

Answer 7

DNA partially unravels, a strand of messenger RNA copies exposed DNA strand and carries the genetic code from the nucleus into the cytoplasm of the cell, RNA attaches itself to ribosomes, ribosome moves along the strand translating each successful codon into the appropriate amino acid, when ribosome reaches the end of the messenger RNA strand, a codon instructs it to release the completed protein.

Question 8

Describe human mitochondrial genes and the way that they are inherited

Answer 8

They are small

Are passed onto the offspring by the mother

Question 9

What was the motivation for the human genome project? What knowledge was gained from the human genome project about the number of genes that humans have?

Answer 9

Medical reasons, human diseases, developing treatment

Humans have a relatively small amount genes

Question 10

Define epigenetics

Answer 10

The study of all mechanisms of inheritance other than the genetic code and its expression

Question 11

Describe the difference between dizygotic and monozygotic twins

Answer 11

Dizygotic= two separate ova/ not identical

Monozygotic= single ovum/ very identical

Question 12

What is heritability estimate?

Answer 12

Estimate of proportion of variability that occurred in a particular trait