Chapter 51/52

Question 1

Hormones

Answer 1

carried by circulatory or lymphatic sytem to tissues and other glands

Question 2

Hormone receptors are found

Answer 2

on cell membrane

Question 3

steroid receptors are found

Answer 3

in cytoplasm

Question 4

Drugs for growth hormone deficiency (dwarfism)

Answer 4

protropin, somtropin, humatrope

Question 5

drugs for growth hormone suppressants

Answer 5

parlodel, octreotide

Question 6

ACTH

Answer 6

stimulates produciton and secretion of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids from the adrenal glands

Question 7

Posterior pituitary gland

Answer 7

stores and releases ADH and oxytocin which are produced by neurons in the hypothalamus

Question 8

Calcitonin

Answer 8

increass osteoblast activity and inhibits absorption of calcium by renal tubules and in small intestine

Question 9

hypothyroidism

Answer 9

medications increase blood sugar levels

Question 10

hyperthyroidism

Answer 10

-treatment: surgery, radioactive iodine, thiomide drugs–> decrease TH synthesis

Question 11

glucocorticoids

Answer 11

protein and carb metabolism

-reduce inflammation and immune response

Question 12

mineralcorticoids

Answer 12

regulate serum sodium and potassium levels

-promote retention of sodium and water, excretion of potassium and hydrogen

Question 13

insulin

Answer 13

excess glucose stored as glycogen

converts glucose to fat

Question 14

Diabetes mellitus

Answer 14

• insulin deficiency/resistance

- symptoms: thirst, hunger, urination

Question 15

Childhood diabetes

Answer 15

-virus destroys beta cells that make insulin

Question 16

Rapid acting insulin

Answer 16

prevents rapid increase of glucose after meals

Question 17

short acting insulin

Answer 17

homolog of normal

Question 18

intermediate acting

Answer 18

NPH insulin

-extended release

Question 19

Long acting

Answer 19

Lantus

-24 hr action

Question 20

insulin resistance

Answer 20

could be production of antibodies with prolonged use of animal insulin

Question 21

Sulfonylureas

Answer 21

stimulate release of insulin from pancreas

Question 22

First generation sulfonylureas

Answer 22

• short acting: inhibit gastric absorption of glucose, inhibit glycogen storage in liver
• intermediate
• long acting

Question 23

Nonsulfonylureas

Answer 23

lowers cellular resistance to insulin

-decreases liver production of glucose

Question 24

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Answer 24

• delay absorption of CHOs

- prevent breakdown of polysaccs after meals

Question 25

thiazolidinediones

Answer 25

Make insulin more effective in muscle and fat, decrease resistance

Question 26

Meglitinides

Answer 26

stimulate beta cells to release insulin

Question 27

hyperglycemic drugs

Answer 27

glucagon

• release from alpha cells
• stimulate breakdown of glycogen and increase glucose