Chapter 37/38/39 Flashcards
neoplasm
benign or malignant tumors
Antineoplastic agents
- don’t kill directly–interrupt growth/devel/spread
- interfere with rep and synthesis
Benefits of antineoplastics
- cure
- palliation (alleviate symptoms)
- Prolongation of life
CCS agents
-hormones, alkylating agents, mitotic inhibitors
CCNS
antimetabolites, antitumor antibiotics
CAUTION
- change in bowel habits
- a sore that won’t heal
- unusual bleeding, discharge
- thickening lump
- indigestion, difficulty swallowing
- obvious change in wart or mole
- nagging cough
Adverse reactions of antineoplastic
- toxic affects on normal cell
- bleeding
- stomatitis
- NVD
- hair loss
- fetal malformations
Chemo
- most effective for small tumors
- must have efficient blood supply
Surgical removal/radiation therapy
contributes to success of chemotherapy
Chemotherapy
- directed towards controlling abnormal cell growth
- higher doses of chemo kill more cancer and healthy cells
- children respond better than adults
Alkylating agents
cause x linking of DNA
- DNA strand breaks
- Abnormal bases pairing in cancer cells
- CCNS
Antimetabolites
interfere with synthesis phase
- inhibit enzyme synthesis
- block normal cell growth and reproduction
Antitumor antibiotics
-Inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis
Mitotic inhibitors
-plant alkyloids inhibit mitosis in metaphase
Liposomal therapy
- drugs packaged inside synthetic fat globules
- fatty coating keeps drug in system longer
Hormone therapy
acts on target lesions with action being highly selective
corticosteroids
suppress inflammation and may act by slowing tumor growth
-may give patient sense of well-being
sex hormones
estrogens and androgens slow the growth of hormone dependent tumors
antiandrogens
treat hormone response prostate cancer
aromatase inhibitors
bock peripheral conversion of androgens to estrogens in postmenopausal women
Immunosuppressants
stop rapid cell production
Targeted therapies
- Topoisomerase inhibitors
- Tyrosine kinase inhibitors
- Proteosome inhibitors
- Monoclonal antibodies
- Angiogenesis inhibitors
Proteosome inhibitors
disrupt aspects of cellular structure
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors
prevent further proliferation
Topoisomerase inhibitors
prevent enzyme for synthesis of DNA
multikinase inhibitors (MKI)
prevent division
angiogenesis inhibitors
prevent vascularization
monoclonal antibodies
block tumor growth or alert bodys immune system to attack cancer cells
Biologic response modifiers (BRM)
class of pharmacologic agents used to enhance the body’s immune system
- interfere with tumor activites
- promote differentiation of stem cell
INF A
- produced by B, T, Mac
- antiviral, antiproliferative, immunomodulator
- inhibits cellular replication of viral DNA, interferes with tumor cell growth, enhances NK cell activity
INF B
- Enhances suppressor T cells (can turn off immune reaction)
- reduce production of proinflam cytokines
- reduces antigen presentation
- inhibits movement of lymphocytes to CNS
INF G
- delay disease progression
- reduce frequency and severity of serious infections
- enhance oxidative metabolism of macs
- enhance antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity
- enhance Fc receptors
Colony stimulating factors (CSF)
proteins that stimulate or regulate the growth, maturation, and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells
Interleukin
group of proteins produced by WBCs
- antitumor activites
- produced through recombinant DNA
