Chapter 5 Vocab - Igneous Rocks Flashcards
Forms when lava or magma cools and crystallizes.
Igneous Rocks
The process by which some minerals melt at relatively low temperatures while other minerals remain solid.
Partial Melting
Process in which different minerals crystallize from magma at different temperatures, removing elements from magma.
Fractional Crystallization
When magma cools and crystallizes below the earth’s surface.
Intrusive Rocks
Magma that cools and crystallizes on the earth’s surface.
Extrusive Rocks
Refers to the size, shape, and distribution of the crystals or grains that make up a rock.
Texture
Characterized by large, well-formed crystals surrounded by finer-grained crystals of the same mineral or different minerals.
Porphyritic Texture
Rock that looks/feels spongy.
Vesicular Texture
Dark colored, have lower silica contents, and contain mostly plagioclase & pyroxene.
Mafic Rocks (“Basaltic Rocks”)
Light colored, have high silica contents, and contain mostly quartz and feldspar.
Felsic Rocks (“Granitic Rocks”)
Roughly even mixtures of felsic minerals and mafic minerals.
Intermediate Rocks
Have become changed by intense heat and pressure.
Metamorphic Rocks
Rock that has formed through the “disposition” and “solidification” of sediment.
Sedimentary Rocks
(X) What are the 4 factors of magma formation?
1: Temperature
2: Pressure
3: Water Content
4: Mineral Content
(X) What are the 3 families of Igneous Rocks?
Felsic (Granitic), Mafic (Basaltic), and Intermediate Rocks.
