Chapter 19 Vocab - Forces inside EARTH

Question 1

The total force acting of crustal rocks per unit area

Answer 1

Stress

Question 2

The deformation of materials in response to stress

Answer 2

Strain

Question 3

Causes materials to bend and stretch, proportional to stress

Answer 3

Elastic Deformation

Question 4

Permanent deformation caused by stain when stress exceeds a certain value

Answer 4

Plastic Deformation

Question 5

Fracture or system of of fracture in Earth’s crust that occurs when stress is applied too quickly or stress is too great

Answer 5

Fault

Question 6

The vibrations of the ground produced during an earthquake

Answer 6

Seismic Wave

Question 7

Seismic wave that squeezes and pushes rocks in the same direction the wave travels

Answer 7

Primary Wave (P-wave)

Question 8

Seismic wave that causes rock particles to move at right angles to the direction of the wave

Answer 8

Secondary Wave (S-wave)

Question 9

Point of initial fault rupture where an earthquake originates

Answer 9

Focus

Question 10

Point on earth’s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake

Answer 10

Epicenter

Question 11

Instrument used to measure horizontal or vertical motion during an earthquake

Answer 11

Seismometer

Question 12

Record produced by a seismometer that can provide individual tracking of each type of seismic wave

Answer 12

Seismogram

Question 13

Measure of energy released during an earthquake

Answer 13

Magnitude

Question 14

Numerical rating system used to measure the amount of energy released during an earthquake

Answer 14

Richter Scale

Question 15

The size of seismic waves

Answer 15

Amplitude

Question 16

Scale used to measure earthquake magnitude using values that can be estimated from the size of several types of seismic waves

Answer 16

Moment Magnitude scale

Question 17

Measures earthquake intensity from I to XII

Answer 17

Modified Mercalli Scale

Question 18

The amount of damage caused by an earthquake

Answer 18

Intensity

Question 19

Large powerful ocean wave generated by the vertical motions of the seafloor during an earthquake

Answer 19

Tsunami

Question 20

Place along an active fault that has not experienced an earthquake for a long time

Answer 20

Seismic Gaps