Chapter 5 Vocab

Question 1

Policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals

Answer 1

Civil rights

Question 2

Adopted after the Civil War and states “no state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States”

Answer 2

14th amendment

Question 3

1896 Supreme Court decision that provided a constitutional justification for segregation by ruling that a Louisiana law requiring “equal but separate accommodations for the White and colored races” was constitutional

Answer 3

Plessy v. Ferguson

Question 4

1954 Supreme Court decision holding that school segregation was inherently unconstitutional because it violated a guarantee of equal protection

Answer 4

Brown v. Board of Education

Question 5

Law that made racial discrimination against any group in hotels, motels, and restaurants illegal and forbade many forms of job discrimination

Answer 5

Civil rights act of 1964

Question 6

The legal right to vote

Answer 6

Suffrage

Question 7

A law designed to help end formal barriers to African Americans voting rights.

Answer 7

Voting rights act of 1965

Question 8

A 1944 Supreme Court decision that upheld as constitutional the internment of more than 100,000 Americans of Japanese descent in encampments during WW2

Answer 8

Korematsu v. US

Question 9

A constitutional amendment originally introduced in congress in 1972, stating that “equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged y the US or by any state on account of sex.” Didn’t get 3/4 of state legislatures

Answer 9

Equal rights amendment

Question 10

The issue raised when women who hold traditionally female jobs are paid less than men for working at jobs requiring comparable skills

Answer 10

Comparable worth

Question 11

A policy designed to give special attention to or compensatory treatment for members of some previously disadvantaged group

Answer 11

Affirmative action

Question 12

A 1978 Supreme Court decision holding that a state university could not admit less qualified individuals solely because of their race

Answer 12

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

Question 13

A 1995 Supreme Court decision holding that federal programs that classify people by race, even for an ostensibly benign purpose such as expanding opportunities for minorities should be presumed unconstitutional

Answer 13

Adarand constructors v. Pena

Question 14

Landmark Supreme Court case in 1971 which upheld for the first time a claim of gender discrimination

Answer 14

Reed v. Reed

Question 15

Small taxes levied on the right to vote that often fell due at a time of year when poor African American sharecroppers had the least cash on hand

Answer 15

Poll taxes

Question 16

One of the means used to discourage African-American voting that permitted political parties in the heavily Democratic south to exclude African-Americans from primary elections last depriving them a voice in the real contest the Supreme Court declared them unconstitutional in 1944

Answer 16

White primary