Chapter 16

Question 1

A policy or program that seeks to redress past discrimination through active measures to ensure equal opportunity

Answer 1

Affirmative action

Question 2

Supreme Court with nine justices the 12 federal courts of appeal the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit the 94 District Court and 675 judges

Answer 2

The federal courts

Question 3

The requirement that plaintiffs have a serious interest in a case; depending on whether they have sustained a direct injury from a party in case

Answer 3

Standing to sue

Question 4

Deezer cases which permit a small number of people to see you on behalf of all other people similarly affected

Answer 4

Class action lawsuits

Question 5

These are friend of the court briefs by non-litigants you wish to influence the courts decision by raising additional points of view

Answer 5

Amicus curiae

Question 6

The jurisdiction of the courts that hear a case first usually in a trial these are the courts that determine the facts about a case

Answer 6

Original jurisdiction

Question 7

The jurisdiction of courts that hear cases brought to them on appeal from lower courts

Answer 7

Appellate jurisdiction

Question 8

The 94 federal courts of original jurisdiction

Answer 8

District courts

Question 9

Appellate courts and power to review all final decisions of district courts except in rare cases

Answer 9

Courts of appeal

Question 10

The highest court in the land

Answer 10

Supreme Court

Question 11

An unwritten tradition whereby nominations for state-level federal judicial post or not confirmed if they are opposed by senator of the presidents party from which the state in which the nominee will serve or may reside

Answer 11

Senatorial courtesy

Question 12

Presidential appointee in the Department of Justice responsible for choosing an argument cases before the Supreme Court on behalf of the US government

Answer 12

Solicitor general

Question 13

A statement of legal reasoning behind a judicial decision

Answer 13

Opinion

Question 14

From the Latin for “let the decision stand” this doctrine holds that judicial precedent has the force of law

Answer 14

Doctrine of Stare Decisis

Question 15

How similar cases have been decided in the past

Answer 15

Precedent

Question 16

The view that the Constitution should be interpreted according to the original intent of the framers of the constitution

Answer 16

Original intent

Question 17

The process of amending decisions to the lower courts and others to be enforced and thereby converted into actual policy

Answer 17

Additional implementation

Question 18

Supreme Court case in which Chief Justice John Marshall and his associates first asserted the right of the Supreme Court to determine the meaning of the US Constitution

Answer 18

Marbury v. Madison

Question 19

The power of the courts to determine whether acts of Congress and by implication the executive, are in accord with the constitution

Answer 19

Judicial review

Question 20

Supreme court case in which the court unanimously held at the doctrine of executive privilege was implicit in the constitution but could not be extended to protect documents relevant to criminal prosecution

Answer 20

US. V. Nixon

Question 21

Judicial philosophy in which judges play minimal policymaking roles

Answer 21

Judicial restraint

Question 22

Judicial philosophy that advocate bold policy decisions to correct social and political problems

Answer 22

Judicial activism

Question 23

Doctrine developed by the federal courts and used as a means to avoid deciding some cases principally those involving conflict between the president and Congress or between political parties

Answer 23

Political questions

Question 24

The judicial interpretation of an act of Congress

Answer 24

Statutory construction

Question 25

Formal document issued to a federal or State Court, that calls up a case to the Supreme Court

Answer 25

Writ of Certiorari

Question 26

A legislative act that singles that an individual or group for punishment without trial

Answer 26

Bill of attainder