Chapter 3 Vocab

Question 1

A way of organizing a nation so that 2 or more levels of government have formal authority over the same land and people

Answer 1

Federalism

Question 2

A way of organizing a nation so that all power resides in a central government

Answer 2

Unitary governments

Question 3

Article 4 of the Constitution which makes the constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits

Answer 3

Supremacy clause

Question 4

Powers not delegated to the US by the Constitution are reserved for the states

Answer 4

Tenth amendment

Question 5

Powers of the federal government specifically addressed in the constitution

Answer 5

Enumerated powers

Question 6

Powers of the federal government which go beyond those specifically addressed in the constitution

Answer 6

Implied or inherent powers

Question 7

A clause in Article IV section 1 of the constitution requiring each state to recognize the official documents and civil judgements rendered by the courts of other states

Answer 7

Full faith and credit

Question 8

The final paragraph of Article I section 8, authorizes congress to pass all laws “necessary and proper for carrying into execution”

Answer 8

Elastic clause

Question 9

A legal process whereby an alleged criminal offender is surrendered by the officials of one state to the officials of another state where the alleged crime was committed

Answer 9

Extradition

Question 10

A clause in Article IV, section 2 of the constitution, according citizens of each state most of the privileges of citizens of other states

Answer 10

Privileges and immunities

Question 11

A system of government in which both states and national government remain within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies

Answer 11

Dual federalism

Question 12

A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and national government

Answer 12

Cooperative federalism

Question 13

Federal grants of money that can only be used for specific purposes , or “categories” of state and local spending

Answer 13

Categorical grants

Question 14

Federal categorical grants distributed according to a formula specified in legislation or in administrative regulations

Answer 14

Formula grants

Question 15

Federal grants given more or less automatically to states or communities to support broad programs in such areas as community development and social services

Answer 15

Block grants

Question 16

Regulations or conditions for receiving grants that impose costs on state or local governments or private entities for which they are not reimbursed by the federal government

Answer 16

Unfunded mandate

Question 17

The granting of powers from a national government to the state and local governments. It may be mainly financial, but the power to make relevant legislation to the area may also be granted

Answer 17

Devolution

Question 18

Powers that are shared by the state and federal governments

Answer 18

Concurrent powers

Question 19

Supreme Court which established national supremacy

Answer 19

McCulloch v. Maryland

Question 20

Supreme Court decision which interpreted the commerce clause of the constitution very broadly

Answer 20

Gibbons v. Ogden