Chapter 5 Vocab. Flashcards
The passage of a substance through a cell membrane
Transport
Occurs when a substance passes through the cell membrane without needing any energy to pass through
Passive Transport
The number of particles of a substance in a given volume
Concentration
Is known as moving down the concentration gradient
Diffusion
Occurs when a substance diffuses through a cell membrane without any help from other molecules
Simple diffusion
When very large molecules can’t pass through the cell membrane and they need help to pass through what help is provided by proteins
Transport proteins
The process of molecules that need help to get through the membrane
Facilitated diffusion
The special case of the diffusion of water
Osmosis
Occurs when a substance passes through the cell membrane with the help of extra energy
Active transport
Substances that are too big to be pumped across the cell membrane that can leave or enter the cell by…
Vesicle transport
A simple carbohydrate with the chemical formula C6H12O6
Glucose
Process in which glucose is made using energy in light
Photosynthesis
Living things that make glucose
Autotrophs
Living things that obtain glucose by eating autotrophs
Heterotrophs
A type of plastic or plant organelle
Chlorophast
Green pigment
Chlorophyll
Stacks of flattened sacs of membrane
Thylakoids
The space surrounding thylakoids
Stoma
Occur in the first stage of photosynthesis
Light reactions
Occurs in the second stage of photosynthesis
Calvin cycle
The process in which cells break down glucose, released the stored energy, and use the energy to make ATP.
Cellular respiration
The first stage of cellular respiration.
Glycolysis
Anything that doesn’t need oxygen
Anaerobic
The second stage of cellular respiration
Krebs cycle
Anything that NEEDS oxygen
Aerobic
The third and final stage of cellular respiration
Electron transport
When organisms can produce ATP from glucose anaerobically
Fermentation
