Chapter 5 - Theoretical Foundation

Question 1

What is a nursing theory?

Answer 1

The aim pf nursing theory is to explain, predict, nursing care - articulates role of nurses from other professionals

Question 2

What is nursing science?

Answer 2

The unique body of knowledge about the practice of nursing

Question 3

Why were conceptual frameworks developed?

Answer 3

To organize nursing concepts and propose relationships among these concepts

Question 4

What are the five steps of the nursing process

Answer 4

1. Assessment
2. Diagnosis
3. Planning
4. Intervention
5. Evaluation

Question 5

What are the four key concepts of a metaparadigm concepts?

Answer 5

Nurse’s interrelationship with:
–> The person
–> Health
–> Environment
(Every nursing theory must account for these four items)

Question 6

What is the order of classifications of nursing theories?

Answer 6

Paradigm –> Grand –> Middle-range –> Practice-level

Question 7

What classification of nursing theory is the community health model?

Answer 7

Middle-Range (addresses specific problem and demographic at a more abstract level)

Question 8

What is a descriptive theory?

Answer 8

Attempts to describe phenomena and identify its properties

Question 9

What is a Prescriptive theory?

Answer 9

One that describes a position for change, for how we ought to act. Guides practice and predicts consequences

Question 10

What are the ways of knowing describes by Carper in 1978?

Answer 10

1. Empirics
2. Esthetics
3. Personal knowledge
4. Ethics
5. Emancipatory knowing (social, economic, and political component)

Question 11

Why are nursing theories so important?

Answer 11

–> Help us recognize what should set the foundation of practice
–> clearly defines nursing roles
–> Guide research and informing evidence-based practice
–> Serve to provide scientific rationale or reasons for nursing intervention

Question 12

What is the North American Nursing Diagnoses Association (NANDA)?

Answer 12

A list of common patient problem addressed by practising nurses, lists both advantages and disadvantages

Question 13

What is the CNO’s Entry to Practice Competencies for RNs document?

Answer 13

There are 101 requisite skills requires of all practising RNs.

Question 14

What are the nine roles describes in the CNO’s Entry to Practice Competencies?

Answer 14

1. Clinician
2. Professional
3. Communicator
4. Collaborator
5. Coordinator
6. Leader
7. Advocat
8. Educator
9. Scholar

Question 15

What are the five broad categories outlined in the CNOs Entry to Practice Competencies

Answer 15

1. professional responsibility and accountability
2. Knowledge based practice
3. Ethical practice
4. Service to the public
5. Self Regulation

Question 16

What is evidence-based practice?

Answer 16

Drawing on evidence from research, assessment, clinical expertise, and information about the patient’s preferences to inform or guide nursing practice.

Question 17

What are the steps for evidence informed practice?
How many are there?

Answer 17

There are six:
1. Ask
2. Collect
3. Critique
4. Integrate
5. Evaluate
6. Disseminate

Question 18

What is the PICOT format for solving qualitative clinical questions?

Answer 18

Person (or population) of interest
Intervention of interest
Comparison of interest
Outcome
Time

Question 19

Ethnography, phenology, grounded theory, and symbolic interactionism are all examples of which kind of research design?

Answer 19

Qualitative

Question 20

Experiments, case studies, surveys, and cohort studies are all examples of which kind of research design?

Answer 20

Quantitative

Question 21

What are the key principles when conducting research?

Answer 21

–> Respect for human dignity
–> Respect for persons
–> Concerns for welfare
–> Respect for privacy and confidentiality
–> Justice