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CIS 111_Study for Quiz/Test > Chapter 5: The System Unit > Flashcards

Chapter 5: The System Unit Flashcards

1
Q

Speed, capacity, and flexibility determine what?

A

The power of personal computers

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2
Q

Knowledge of a computer’s power allows you to do what?

A

Make good buying decisions and determine if your current system will run new applications

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3
Q

Competent end users need to understand what?

A

The functionality of the basic components of the system unit

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4
Q

Container that houses most of the electronic components that make up a computer system:

A

System Chassis

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5
Q

Personal Computer

A

Most widely used type of computer

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6
Q

Five most common types of the personal computer:

A

1) Desktop
2) Laptops
3) Tablets
4) Smartphone
5) Wearable Computers

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7
Q

System Unit Types

A
  1. Desktops
  2. Laptops
  3. Tablet or Tablet Computer
  4. Smartphone
  5. Wearable
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8
Q
  1. Desktops
A

The system unit is in a separate case:
1) Tower Units
2) All-in-Ones
3) All components including monitor

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9
Q
  1. Laptops
A

Portable and much smaller:
1) Two-in-one laptops
2) Ultrabooks
3) Gaming

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10
Q
  1. Tablet or Tablet Computer
A

1) Mini tablet

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11
Q
  1. Smartphone
A

1) Most popular device-handheld computer
2) Extend the capabilities of cell phones

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12
Q
  1. Wearables
A

1) Contain embedded computers
2) Smartwatch
3) Activity Trackers

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13
Q

Making IT Work for You - Gaming

A

1) Console Gaming
2) Mobile Gaming
3) PC gaming

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14
Q

Components

A

Although all devices come in many shapes and sizes, they have similarities such as:
1. System boards
2. Microprocessors
3. Memory

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15
Q

System Board

A

The system board, main board, or motherboard controls communication for the entire computer system.

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16
Q

The system board, main board, or motherboard controls communication for the entire computer system.

A

1) All components and devices connect to the system board
2) Data path and traffic monitor: Allows various components to communicate efficiently with one another

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17
Q

Sockets and Chips

A

The system board contains a variety of electronic components:
1. Socket
2. Chips

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18
Q
  1. Socket
A

The connection point for chips

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19
Q
  1. Chips
A

1) Tiny circuit boards etched onto squares of silicon
2) Also called silicon chip, semiconductor, or integrated circuit
3) Mounted-on-chip carriers

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20
Q

Slots and Bus Lines

A

Additional system board components:
1. Slots:
2. Bus lines:

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21
Q
  1. Slots:
A

1) Provide a connection point for specialized cards or circuit boards
2) Provide expansion capabilities for the computer

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22
Q
  1. Bus lines:
A

1) Connecting lines that provide pathways to support communication among electronic components

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23
Q

Microprocessor

A
  1. Central Processing Unit (CPU) or Processor
  2. Two basic components of the CPU
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24
Q
  1. Central Processing Unit (CPU) or Processor:
A

1) Contained on a single chip called a Microprocessor
2) Brains of the computer

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25
Q
  1. Two Basic Components of the CPU:
A

1) Control unit: tells the computer system how to carry out a program’s instruction
2) Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU): performs arithmetic and logical operations

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26
Q

Microprocessor Chips

A
  1. Chip capacities are expressed in word size
  2. Clock Speed
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27
Q
  1. Chip capacities are expressed in word size:
A

1) Word is the number of bits that can be processed at one time: 16, 32 or 64

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28
Q
  1. Clock Speed
A

1) Processing speed or the number of times the CPU fetches and processes data or instructions in a second

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29
Q

Multicore Chips

A
  1. Multicore Processors
  2. Parallel Processing
30
Q
  1. Multicore Processors:
A

1) Two or more separate and independent CPUs within a system unit (quad-core supports four-course processes)

31
Q
  1. Parallel Processing
A

1) Computer’s ability to divide tasks into parts that can be distributed across each core
2) Windows 10 and macOS High Sierra support parallel processing

32
Q

Specialty Processors

A

Coprocessors:
1) Designed to improve specific computing operations
2) Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) / Graphics coprocessors
3) Designed to handle a variety of specialized tasks
-1. 3D images
-2. Encrypting data
-3. Standard features in gaming computers

33
Q

Memory

A
  1. Holding area for data, instructions, and information
  2. Contained of chips connected to the system board
  3. Three well-known types of memory chips:
34
Q

Three well-known types of memory chips:

A
  1. RAM: Random Access Memory
  2. ROM: Read Only Memory
  3. Flash Memory
35
Q

RAM: Random Access Memory:

A
  1. Chips hold programs and data that the CPU is presently processing.
  2. Additional RAM can be added using an expansion module called a DIMM (Dual in-line memory module)
36
Q

1) Volatile or temporary:

A

Contents are lost when the computer is powered off

37
Q

2) Cache memory:

A

temporary, high-speed holding area between the memory and CPU

38
Q

RAM Continued

A
  1. Virtual Memory
  2. Memory is expressed in bytes
39
Q

Dividing a program between memory and storage enables the system to run

A

Very large programs

40
Q

ROM

A
  1. Read-only memory (ROM)
  2. CPU can read, or retrieve data and programs in ROM, but the computer cannot change ROM
  3. Contain special instructions
41
Q
  1. Read-only memory (ROM):
A

1) Information stored by the manufacturer
2) Non-volatile and cannot be changed

42
Q
  1. Contain special instructions:
A

1) Start the computer
2) Access Memory
3) Handle keyboard input

43
Q

Flash memory combines the features of:

A

1) RAM can be updated
2) ROM, is non-volatile
3) Contains startup information
-BIOS (basic input/output system)
-Amount of RAM
-Type of keyboard, mouse, and secondary storage devices connected

44
Q

Many ROM chips are being replaced by:

A

Flash Memory

45
Q

Expansion Slots and Cards

A

Expand the system’s capabilities:
1) Graphics cards for high-quality 3D graphics
2) Network interface cards (NIC) connect devices to the network via cables
3) Wireless network cards connect devices to networks without cables
4) SD cards: expansion cards for mobile devices

46
Q

Bus Lines / Bus

A

Connect parts of the CPU and various other components on the system board
1) Pathway for bits representing data and instructions
2) Bus width
3) Architecture and design are tied to the speed and power of the computer
4) Two basic categories of buses:
1. System bus
2. Expansion bus

47
Q

Bus width

A

Number of bits that can travel simultaneously down a bus

48
Q

Two basic categories of buses line:

A
  1. System bus: Connects CPU to memory
  2. Expansion bus: Connects CPU to other components
49
Q

Expansion Buses

A

Principle types:
1. Universal Serial Bus (USB)
2. FireWire
3. PCI Express (PCle)

50
Q
  1. Universal Serial Bus (USB)
A

Connects external USB devices onto the USB bus

51
Q
  1. FireWire
A

Primarily used to connect audio and video equipment to the system board

52
Q
  1. PCI Express (PCIe)
A

Single dedicated path for each connected device

53
Q

Ports

A

Socket for connecting external devices to the system unit:
1. Ports connect directly
2. Two Types

54
Q
  1. Ports connect directly
A

1) To the system board
2) To cards inserted into slots on the system board

55
Q
  1. Two Types of Ports connect directly:
A

1) Standard Ports
2) Specialized Ports

56
Q

Standard Ports

A
  1. USB
  2. Ethernet
  3. HDMI - High Definition Multimedia Interface
  4. Thunderbolt
57
Q
  1. USB:
A

Keyboards, mice, printers, and storage devices

58
Q
  1. Ethernet:
A

High-speed networking

59
Q
  1. HDMI - High Definition Multimedia Interface:
A

High definition video and audio

60
Q
  1. Thunderbolt
A

1) Provides high-speed connections
2) Can connect up to 7 separate devices through 1 port

61
Q

Specialized Ports

A
  1. External Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
  2. Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI)
  3. Mini DisplayPort (MiniDP or mDP)
  4. VGA & DVI
  5. FireWire
62
Q
  1. External Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
A

High-speed connection for external secondary storage

63
Q
  1. Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI)
A

Connect musical instrumental

64
Q
  1. Mini DisplayPort (MiniDP or mDP)
A

Connection to large monitors

65
Q
  1. VGA & DVI
A

Connections to analog and digital monitors

66
Q
  1. FireWire
A

High-speed connections to FireWire devices

67
Q

Cable

A

1) Used to connect external devices to the system unit via the ports
2) One end of the cable is attached to the device and the other end has a connector that is attached to a matching connector on the port

68
Q

Power Supply

A

Computers require direct (DC) power, converting alternating current (AC) from wall outlets or batteries.
1) Desktop computers have a power supply unit in the system unit
2) Laptops use AC adapters in the system unit
3) Tablets and mobile devices use internal AC adapters
4) Smartphone can use wireless charging platforms

69
Q

Electronic Data and Instruction

A
  1. Digital electronic signals recognized by computers
  2. Analog signals are continuous and created by voices
  3. Conversion must take place from analog to digital before processing can occur
70
Q

Numeric Representation

A
  1. Two state binary system consists of only two digits called bits
    -On = 1; negative charge
    -Off = 0; no charge
  2. Byte = 8 bits grouped together
  3. Hexadecimal system: Use 16 digits to represent binary numbers
71
Q

Character Encoding

A

Encoding standards assign a unique sequence of bits to each character
1. ASCII
2. EBCDIC
3. Unicode

72
Q

Career in IT

A
  1. Computer technicians repair and install computer components and systems
  2. Employer look for certification or associate’s degree in computer repair
  3. Continued education is required
  4. Computer technicians can expect to earn an annual salary of $33K-$49

CIS 111_Study for Quiz/Test (9 decks)

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