chapter 5; the lipids Flashcards
the primary source of the body’s energy reserves, stored in [..] tissue as triglycerides.
- adipose tissue is connective tissue composed primarily of adipocytes (fat cells), [..], [..], and [..] the body’s organs (such as kidneys, heart, and other organs)
adipose,
cushions, protect, and insulates + storage site for fat soluble vitamins
dietary fat and lipids provide [..] calories per gram
9
(significantly more dense than carbs and proteins)
dietary fat and lipids are are required for absorption and transportation of fat-soluble vitamins; vitamins [..], [..], [..]. and [..] as well as [..]
A, D, E, and K
phytochemials
dietary fat and lipids are component of cell membranes and are required for making hormones that regulate numerous body functions
yes
found in plant and animal foods, [..] fat, or what we commonly call fat, is an essential component of a healthy diet
dietary
when selected and consumed in appropriate proportions, can fat confer some important health benefits
yes as some fats are essential nutrients
fat consumption contributes to satiety (the sensation of feeling [..]) in part by slowing gastric [..], which keeps [..] in the stomach a little longer
full, emptying, food
dietary fats can cause foods to be digested and absorbed over longer periods, which can improve blood [..] control following the ingestion of high-[..] foods when fats are included
glucose
carbohydrate
inadequate stores of fat can reduce [..] in both men and women
fertility
many popular foods get most of their calories from [..], and with their taste appeal and caloric density, it can be easy for some of us to eat to much.
fat
fats are a subclass of [..], a group of compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and a small amount of oxygen that generally can’t mix or dissolve in water (they are water insoluble)
lipids
water
in the cell membranes, lipids give those structures [..] and [..], and various lipids are required for the synthesis of some [..] and hormone like substances
flexibility, integrity
hormones
the four most common lipid classes are fatty acids, triglycerides, sterols, and phospholipids (such as lecithin)
fatty acids - a major energy source
triglycerides - the most abundant lipid in our diet and storage form of fat in our bodies
sterols - cholesterol is the primary dietary sterol
phospholipids - the primary lipid in cell membranes
[..] acids are a type of lipid with multiple functions
fatty
fatty acids are metabolized to provide energy, they regulate rates of gene [..], and they are the [..] material used to synthesize several hormone like compounds in the body
energy, expression, starting
fatty acids are also the primary components of two other types of lipids, [..] and [..]
triglycerides and phospholipids
short chain fatty acids have fewer than [..] carbons; medium chain fatty acids have [..]-[..] carbons, and long chain fatty acids have more than [..] carbons
6
6-12
12
saturated fatty acids, with carbon atoms having every available bond filled with hydrogen atoms, are relatively [..] at room temperature
solid
saturated fatty acids, are typically highest (as a percentage of total fat) in [human or animal] products (such as meats and dairy), but they are also abundant in some [fruit or vegetable] oils (such as coconut oil, palm kernel oil, palm oil, and cocoa butter)
animal
vegetable
the rest of the fatty acids are [..], with less hydrogen and one or more double bonds (or point of unsaturation) between carbon atoms
unsaturated
unsaturated fats are generally [..] at room temperature
liquid
unsaturated fats are found most abundantly in [..] foods, such as seeds, nuts, grains, and most vegetable oils
plant
fatty acids with one point of unsaturation are called [..] fatty acids (abundant in olive and canola oils and nuts)
monounsaturated fatty acids
those with more than one point of unsaturation are called [..] fatty acids (abundant in corn, safflower, sunflower, sesame, and soybean oils).
polyunsaturated