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EMT > Chapter 5: The Human Body > Flashcards

Chapter 5: The Human Body Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the triceps do and where is it located?

A

Posterior, humerus

Extends lower arm

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2
Q

What does the pectoralis do and where is it located?

A

Anterior, thorax

Flexes and rotates arm

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3
Q

Where is the latissimus Doris located and what does it do?

A

Posterior, thorax

Extends and rotates arm

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4
Q

Where is the rectus abdominis located and what does it do?

A

Anterior, abdomen

Flexes and rotates spine

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5
Q

Where is the tibialis anterior located and what does it do?

A

Anterior, tibia

Points toes toward head

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6
Q

Where is the gastrocnemius located and what does it do?

A

Posterior, tibia

Points toes away from head

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7
Q

Where are the quadriceps located and what do they do?

A

Anterior, femur

Extends lower leg

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8
Q

What does the biceps femoris do and where is it located?

A

Posterior, femur

Flexes lower leg

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9
Q

Where are the gluteus located and what do they do?

A

Posterior, pelvis

Extends and rotates leg

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10
Q

Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG)

A

Located: Medulla
Causes inspiration when stimulated
Timing: normal, resting reparations; rhythmic, mechanical patterns

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11
Q

Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG)

A

Located: Medulla
Causes forced expiration or inspiration
Timing: Speech, increased emotional or physical stress.

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12
Q

Pneumotaxic (pontine) Center

A

Located: Pons
Inhibits the DRG and increases speed and depth of respirations
Timing: increased emotional or physical stress

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13
Q

Apneustic Center

A

Location: pons
Excites the DRG and prolongs inspiration, decreases rate.
Timing: increased emotional or physical stress

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14
Q

Hering-Breuer inflation reflex

A

Located: chest
Detects lung expansion to a point and then tells VRG and pneumotaxic and apneustic centers to stop.
Timing: increased emotional or physical stress.

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15
Q

Hearing-Breuer deflation reflex

A

Located: chest
Detects potential lung collapse and then tells VRG and pneumotaxic and apneustic centers to stop
Timing: increased emotional or physical stress.

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16
Q

What are the effects of constricted blood vessels?

A

Decreased size of container

Increased pressure within container

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17
Q

What are the effects of normal diameter blood vessels?

A

Balance of size and pressure

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18
Q

What are the effects of dilated blood vessels?

A

Increased size of container

Decreased pressure within container

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19
Q

What are the effects of stimulated Alpha-1 receptors in the blood vessels?

A

Constructs blood vessels

Skin becomes pale, cool and clammy

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20
Q

What are the effects of Beta-1 receptors when stimulated

A

Increased heart rate

Increased force of heart contraction

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21
Q

When Beta-2 receptors are stimulated what are the effects?

A

Bronchodilation

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22
Q

What are the effects of ventilation problems?

A

Breathing pattern and rate become erratic
Carbon dioxide builds up in blood
Oxygen levels fall
Breathing depth decreases

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23
Q

What are the effects of respiration problems?

A

Prevents gas from entering alveoli

Affects blood gaining access to lung tissue

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24
Q

What are the effects of oxygenation problems?

A

Affects diffusion of gas

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25
Q

What is the acetabulum?

A

The depression on the lateral pelvis where it’s three component bones join, in which the femoral head fits snuggly.

26
Q

What is Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?

A

The nucleotide involved in energy metabolism.

Used to store energy

27
Q

What is adrenergic?

A

Pertaining to nerves that release the neurotransmitter norepinephrine or noradrenaline.

28
Q

What are agonal gasps?

A

Slow, gasping breaths, sometimes seen in dying patients.

29
Q

Define anterior

A

The front surface of the body

30
Q

What’s the aorta?

A

The principle artery leaving the left side of the heart and carrying freshly oxygenated blood to the body.

31
Q

What are the major pulse points?

A 
Carotid
Brachial
Ulnar
Radial
Femoral
Posterior tibial
Dorsalis pedis
Superficial temporal
External maxillary
32
Q

What are the four components of blood?

A

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma

33
Q

What major organs are located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen?

A

Liver
Gallbladder
Portion of the colon and pancreas
Kidney

34
Q

What major organs are located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen?

A 
Stomach
Spleen
Portion of the colon 
Kidney
Portion of the pancreas
35
Q

What major organs are located in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen?

A

Small intestine

Appendix

36
Q

What organs are located in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen?

A

Large intestine

37
Q

Define distal

A

Farthest from the trunk or nearer to the free end of the extremity.

38
Q

Define dorsal

A

The posterior surface of the body, including the back of the hand.

39
Q

What is the expiratory reserve volume?

A

The amount of air that can be exhaled following a normal exhalation.
Average volume of 1,200 mL.

40
Q

What is hydrostatic pressure?

A

The pressure of water against the walls of its container.

41
Q

What’s the hypoxic drive?

A

A backup system to control respiration.

Senses drops in the oxygen level in the blood.

42
Q

Define inferior

A

Below a body part, or nearer to the feet

43
Q

Define the inferior vena cava

A

One of the two largest veins in the body. It carries blood from the lower extremities, pelvic, and abdominal regions to the heart.

44
Q

What’s the interstitial space?

A

Space between cells

45
Q

Define lateral

A

Parts of the body that lie further from the midline.

46
Q

Define ligament

A

A band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone.

Supports and strengthens a joint.

47
Q

What’s the maxillae?

A

The upper jaw bones that assist in the formation of the orbit, nasal cavity, and the palate and holds the upper teeth.

48
Q

Minute rate

A

Respiratory rate x stoke volume

49
Q

What’s the nasopharynx?

A

The part of the pharynx that lies above the level of the roof of the mouth.

50
Q

What’s the oropharynx?

A

A tubular structure that extends vertically from the back of the mouth to the esophagus and trachea.

51
Q

What is the initial function of platelets?

A

Formation of a blood clot.

52
Q

What is the reticular activating system responsible for?

A

Maintenance of one’s consciousness, specifically arousal.

53
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

The volume of blood pumped forward with each ventricular contraction.

54
Q

What’s the superior vena cava?

A

One of the two largest veins in the body that carries blood from the upper extremities, head, neck, and chest into the heart.

55
Q

What do tendons connect?

A

Muscle to bone.

56
Q

What are the spinal region and the number of vertebra in each?

A 
Cervical: 7 
Thoracic: 12
Lumbar: 5
Sacral: 5
Coccygeal: 4
57
Q

Where is the bicep located and what does it do?

A

Anterior, humerus

Flexes lower arm

58
Q

Deoxygenated blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities is returned to the right atrium via what?

A

Inferior vena cava

59
Q

What are both areas of the pons used for?

A

Augment respirations during emotional or physical stress.

60
Q

What plane separates the body into left and right halves?

A

Midsagittal

EMT (25 decks)

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