Chapter 5: The Human Body

Question 1

What does the triceps do and where is it located?

Answer 1

Posterior, humerus

Extends lower arm

Question 2

What does the pectoralis do and where is it located?

Answer 2

Anterior, thorax

Flexes and rotates arm

Question 3

Where is the latissimus Doris located and what does it do?

Answer 3

Posterior, thorax

Extends and rotates arm

Question 4

Where is the rectus abdominis located and what does it do?

Answer 4

Anterior, abdomen

Flexes and rotates spine

Question 5

Where is the tibialis anterior located and what does it do?

Answer 5

Anterior, tibia

Points toes toward head

Question 6

Where is the gastrocnemius located and what does it do?

Answer 6

Posterior, tibia

Points toes away from head

Question 7

Where are the quadriceps located and what do they do?

Answer 7

Anterior, femur

Extends lower leg

Question 8

What does the biceps femoris do and where is it located?

Answer 8

Posterior, femur

Flexes lower leg

Question 9

Where are the gluteus located and what do they do?

Answer 9

Posterior, pelvis

Extends and rotates leg

Question 10

Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG)

Answer 10

Located: Medulla
Causes inspiration when stimulated
Timing: normal, resting reparations; rhythmic, mechanical patterns

Question 11

Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG)

Answer 11

Located: Medulla
Causes forced expiration or inspiration
Timing: Speech, increased emotional or physical stress.

Question 12

Pneumotaxic (pontine) Center

Answer 12

Located: Pons
Inhibits the DRG and increases speed and depth of respirations
Timing: increased emotional or physical stress

Question 13

Apneustic Center

Answer 13

Location: pons
Excites the DRG and prolongs inspiration, decreases rate.
Timing: increased emotional or physical stress

Question 14

Hering-Breuer inflation reflex

Answer 14

Located: chest
Detects lung expansion to a point and then tells VRG and pneumotaxic and apneustic centers to stop.
Timing: increased emotional or physical stress.

Question 15

Hearing-Breuer deflation reflex

Answer 15

Located: chest
Detects potential lung collapse and then tells VRG and pneumotaxic and apneustic centers to stop
Timing: increased emotional or physical stress.

Question 16

What are the effects of constricted blood vessels?

Answer 16

Decreased size of container

Increased pressure within container

Question 17

What are the effects of normal diameter blood vessels?

Answer 17

Balance of size and pressure

Question 18

What are the effects of dilated blood vessels?

Answer 18

Increased size of container

Decreased pressure within container

Question 19

What are the effects of stimulated Alpha-1 receptors in the blood vessels?

Answer 19

Constructs blood vessels

Skin becomes pale, cool and clammy

Question 20

What are the effects of Beta-1 receptors when stimulated

Answer 20

Increased heart rate

Increased force of heart contraction

Question 21

When Beta-2 receptors are stimulated what are the effects?

Answer 21

Bronchodilation

Question 22

What are the effects of ventilation problems?

Answer 22

Breathing pattern and rate become erratic
Carbon dioxide builds up in blood
Oxygen levels fall
Breathing depth decreases

Question 23

What are the effects of respiration problems?

Answer 23

Prevents gas from entering alveoli

Affects blood gaining access to lung tissue

Question 24

What are the effects of oxygenation problems?

Answer 24

Affects diffusion of gas

Question 25

What is the acetabulum?

Answer 25

The depression on the lateral pelvis where it's three component bones join, in which the femoral head fits snuggly.

Question 26

What is Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?

Answer 26

The nucleotide involved in energy metabolism. | Used to store energy

Question 27

What is adrenergic?

Answer 27

Pertaining to nerves that release the neurotransmitter norepinephrine or noradrenaline.

Question 28

What are agonal gasps?

Answer 28

Slow, gasping breaths, sometimes seen in dying patients.

Question 29

Define anterior

Answer 29

The front surface of the body

Question 30

What's the aorta?

Answer 30

The principle artery leaving the left side of the heart and carrying freshly oxygenated blood to the body.

Question 31

What are the major pulse points?

Answer 31

``` Carotid Brachial Ulnar Radial Femoral Posterior tibial Dorsalis pedis Superficial temporal External maxillary ```

Question 32

What are the four components of blood?

Answer 32

Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Plasma

Question 33

What major organs are located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen?

Answer 33

Liver Gallbladder Portion of the colon and pancreas Kidney

Question 34

What major organs are located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen?

Answer 34

``` Stomach Spleen Portion of the colon Kidney Portion of the pancreas ```

Question 35

What major organs are located in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen?

Answer 35

Small intestine | Appendix

Question 36

What organs are located in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen?

Answer 36

Large intestine

Question 37

Define distal

Answer 37

Farthest from the trunk or nearer to the free end of the extremity.

Question 38

Define dorsal

Answer 38

The posterior surface of the body, including the back of the hand.

Question 39

What is the expiratory reserve volume?

Answer 39

The amount of air that can be exhaled following a normal exhalation. Average volume of 1,200 mL.

Question 40

What is hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 40

The pressure of water against the walls of its container.

Question 41

What's the hypoxic drive?

Answer 41

A backup system to control respiration. | Senses drops in the oxygen level in the blood.

Question 42

Define inferior

Answer 42

Below a body part, or nearer to the feet

Question 43

Define the inferior vena cava

Answer 43

One of the two largest veins in the body. It carries blood from the lower extremities, pelvic, and abdominal regions to the heart.

Question 44

What's the interstitial space?

Answer 44

Space between cells

Question 45

Define lateral

Answer 45

Parts of the body that lie further from the midline.

Question 46

Define ligament

Answer 46

A band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone. | Supports and strengthens a joint.

Question 47

What's the maxillae?

Answer 47

The upper jaw bones that assist in the formation of the orbit, nasal cavity, and the palate and holds the upper teeth.

Question 48

Minute rate

Answer 48

Respiratory rate x stoke volume

Question 49

What's the nasopharynx?

Answer 49

The part of the pharynx that lies above the level of the roof of the mouth.

Question 50

What's the oropharynx?

Answer 50

A tubular structure that extends vertically from the back of the mouth to the esophagus and trachea.

Question 51

What is the initial function of platelets?

Answer 51

Formation of a blood clot.

Question 52

What is the reticular activating system responsible for?

Answer 52

Maintenance of one's consciousness, specifically arousal.

Question 53

What is stroke volume?

Answer 53

The volume of blood pumped forward with each ventricular contraction.

Question 54

What's the superior vena cava?

Answer 54

One of the two largest veins in the body that carries blood from the upper extremities, head, neck, and chest into the heart.

Question 55

What do tendons connect?

Answer 55

Muscle to bone.

Question 56

What are the spinal region and the number of vertebra in each?

Answer 56

``` Cervical: 7 Thoracic: 12 Lumbar: 5 Sacral: 5 Coccygeal: 4 ```

Question 57

Where is the bicep located and what does it do?

Answer 57

Anterior, humerus | Flexes lower arm

Question 58

Deoxygenated blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities is returned to the right atrium via what?

Answer 58

Inferior vena cava

Question 59

What are both areas of the pons used for?

Answer 59

Augment respirations during emotional or physical stress.

Question 60

What plane separates the body into left and right halves?

Answer 60

Midsagittal