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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5- The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 5- The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

angi/o

A

Blood or lymph vessel

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2
Q

aort/o

A

Aorta

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3
Q

arteri/o

A

Artery

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4
Q

ather/o

A

Plaque, fatty substance

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5
Q

brady-

A

Slow

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6
Q

cardi/o

A

Heart

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7
Q

-crasia

A

A mixture or blending

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8
Q

-emia

A

Blood, blood condition

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9
Q

erythr/o

A

Red

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10
Q

hem/o, hemat/o

A

Blood, relating to the blood

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11
Q

leuk/o

A

White

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12
Q

phleb/o

A

Vein

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13
Q

tachy-

A

Fast, rapid

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14
Q

thromb/o

A

Clot

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15
Q

ven/o

A

Vein

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16
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

Consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.

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17
Q

Heart

A

The hollow, muscular organ located in the thoracic cavity, between the lungs.

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18
Q

Pericardium

A

The Doublewide membranous sac encloses the heart.

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19
Q

Epicardium

A

The external layer of the heart and the inner layer of the pericardium.

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20
Q

Myocardium

A

The middle and thickest of the hearts three layers.

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21
Q

Endocardium

A

The inner lining of the heart.

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22
Q

Coronary arteries

A

Supply oxygen rich blood to the myocardium.

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23
Q

Atria

A

Receiving chambers, all the blood enters the heart through these chambers.

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24
Q

Ventricles

A

Thicker than the atria because the ventricles pump blood throughout the entire body.

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25
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle.

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26
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

The flow of blood only between the heart and lungs.

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27
Q

Pulmonary arteries

A

Carries deoxygenated blood out of the right ventricle and into the lungs.

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28
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

Carry the oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart.

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29
Q

Systematic circulation

A

Includes the flow of blood to all parts of the body except the lungs.

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30
Q

Sinoatrial node

A

Establishes the basic rhythm and rate of the heartbeat. Electrical impulses from the SA node start each wave of muscle contraction in the heart.

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31
Q

Atrioventricular node

A

Transmits the electrical impulses onward to the bundle of His.

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32
Q

Bundle of His

A

Fibers that carry an electrical impulse to ensure the sequence of the heart contractions.

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33
Q

Perjunkie fibers

A

Relay the electrical impulses to the cells of the ventricles and it is the stimulation that causes the ventricles to contract.

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34
Q

Arteries

A

Large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to all regions of the body.

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35
Q

Carotid arteries

A

The major arteries that carry blood upward to the head.

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36
Q

Arterioles

A

The smaller, thinner branches of arteries that deliver blood to the capillaries.

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37
Q

Capillaries

A

Smallest blood vessels in the body. The capillaries form networks of expanded vascular beds that have important role of delivering oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the tissues.

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38
Q

Veins

A

Form a low-pressure collecting system to return oxygen poor blood to the heart.

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39
Q

Venules

A

The smallest veins that join to form the larger veins.

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40
Q

Venae cavae

A

The two largest veins in the body. They return blood into the heart.

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41
Q

Pulse

A

The rhythmic pressure against the walls of an artery caused by the contraction of the heart.

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42
Q

Blood pressure

A

The measurement of the amount of systolic and diastolic pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries.

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43
Q

Plasma

A

A straw colored fluid that contains nutrients, hormones, and waste products.

44
Q

Serum

A

Plasma fluid after the blood cells and the clotting proteins have been removed.

45
Q

Fibrinogen and prothrombin

A

The clotting proteins found in plasma.

46
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells/ transport oxygen to the tissues.

47
Q

Hemoglobin

A

The oxygen carrying blood protein pigment of the erythrocytes.

48
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells/defend the body against infective organisms and foreign substances.

49
Q

Neutrophils

A

Play a major role in the immune system’s defense against pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

50
Q

Basophils

A

Formed and red bone marrow, responsible for causing the symptoms of allergies.

51
Q

Eosinophils

A

Formed in the red bone marrow and then migrate to tissues throughout the body. These cells destroy a parasitic organisms and play a major role in allergic reactions.

52
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Identify foreign substances and germs in the body and produce antibodies that specifically target them.

53
Q

Monocytes

A

Provide immunological defenses against many infectious organisms.

54
Q

Thrombocytes

A

Play an important role in the clotting of blood.

55
Q

Blood gases

A
  • oxygen
  • carbon dioxide
  • nitrogen
56
Q

Congenital heart defects

A

Structural abnormalities caused by the failure of the heart to develop normally before birth.

57
Q

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

Heart disease/The atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces the blood supply to the heart muscle.

58
Q

Plaque

A

A fatty deposit similar to the build up of rust inside a pipe.

59
Q

-oma

A

Tumor

60
Q

isch

A

To hold back

61
Q

Ischemia

A

A condition in which there is an insufficient supply of oxygen in the tissues due to restricted blood flow to a part of the body.

62
Q

Angina

A

A condition in which severe episodes of chest pain occur due to an in adequate blood flow to the myocardium.

63
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Heart attack/The blockage of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup.

64
Q

Heart failure

A

A chronic condition in which the heart is unable to pump out all the blood that it receives.

65
Q

-megaly

A

Enlargement

66
Q

card

A

Heart

67
Q

endo-

A

Within

68
Q

Bacterial endocarditis

A

Inflammation of the lining or valves of the heart caused by the presence of bacteria in the blood stream.

69
Q

-pathy

A

Disease

70
Q

valvul

A

Valve

71
Q

Valvular prolapse

A

Abnormal protrusion of a heart valve that results in the inability of the valve to close completely.

72
Q

stenosis

A

Abnormal narrowing

73
Q

Arrhythmia

A

The loss of the normal rhythm of a heartbeat.

74
Q

Asystole

A

Flat line/The complete lack of electrical activity in the heart.

75
Q

Supraventricular tachycardia

A

An episode that begins and ends abruptly during which there are very rapid and regular heartbeat that originate at her above the AV node.

76
Q

Ventricular tachycardia

A

Very rapid heartbeat that begins within the ventricles.

77
Q

Fibrillation

A

A potentially life-threatening fast and irregular heartbeat.

78
Q

Atrial fibrillation

A

When normal rhythmic contractions of the atria are replaced by rapid uncontrolled twitching of the muscular heart wall.

79
Q

Ventricular fibrillation

A

The rapid, irregular, and useless contractions of the ventricles.

80
Q

Palpitation

A

The pounding or racing heartbeat with or without irregularity in the rhythm.

81
Q

angi/o

A

Vessel

82
Q

Hypoperfusion

A

A deficiency of blood passing through an organ or body part.

83
Q

Aneurysm

A

A localized weak spot or balloon like enlargement of the wall of an artery.

84
Q

Chronic venous insufficiency

A

A condition in which a venous circulation is in adequate due to the partial thing blockage or to the leakage of venous valves.

85
Q

phleb

A

Vein

86
Q

Varicose veins

A

Abnormally swollen veins that usually occur in the superficial veins of the legs.

87
Q

-osis

A

Condition or disease

88
Q

embol

A

Something inserted

89
Q

Embolus

A

A foreign object.

90
Q

-penia

A

Deficiency

91
Q

Cholesterol

A

A fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found in all parts of the body.

92
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

Elevated levels of cholesterol and other fatty substances in the blood.

93
Q

Lipid

A

Fat

94
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure/The elevation of arterial blood pressure to a level that is likely to cause damage to the cardiovascular system.

95
Q

-lytic

A

To destroy

96
Q

A-fib

A

Arterial fibrillation

97
Q

AED

A

Automated external defibrillator

98
Q

ICD

A

Implantable cardioverter defibrillator

99
Q

CC

A

Cardiac catheterization

100
Q

CVI

A

Chronic venous insufficiency

101
Q

CAD

A

Coronary artery disease

102
Q

HTN

A

Hypertension

103
Q

PAD

A

Peripheral artery disease

104
Q

PVD

A

Peripheral vascular disease

105
Q

TST

A

Thallium stress test

106
Q

tPA

A

Tissue plasminogen activator

107
Q

V-fib

A

Ventricular fibrillation

Medical Terminology (8 decks)

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