Chapter 5- The Cardiovascular System Flashcards
angi/o
Blood or lymph vessel
aort/o
Aorta
arteri/o
Artery
ather/o
Plaque, fatty substance
brady-
Slow
cardi/o
Heart
-crasia
A mixture or blending
-emia
Blood, blood condition
erythr/o
Red
hem/o, hemat/o
Blood, relating to the blood
leuk/o
White
phleb/o
Vein
tachy-
Fast, rapid
thromb/o
Clot
ven/o
Vein
Cardiovascular system
Consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
Heart
The hollow, muscular organ located in the thoracic cavity, between the lungs.
Pericardium
The Doublewide membranous sac encloses the heart.
Epicardium
The external layer of the heart and the inner layer of the pericardium.
Myocardium
The middle and thickest of the hearts three layers.
Endocardium
The inner lining of the heart.
Coronary arteries
Supply oxygen rich blood to the myocardium.
Atria
Receiving chambers, all the blood enters the heart through these chambers.
Ventricles
Thicker than the atria because the ventricles pump blood throughout the entire body.
Tricuspid valve
Controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
Pulmonary circulation
The flow of blood only between the heart and lungs.
Pulmonary arteries
Carries deoxygenated blood out of the right ventricle and into the lungs.
Pulmonary veins
Carry the oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart.
Systematic circulation
Includes the flow of blood to all parts of the body except the lungs.
Sinoatrial node
Establishes the basic rhythm and rate of the heartbeat. Electrical impulses from the SA node start each wave of muscle contraction in the heart.
Atrioventricular node
Transmits the electrical impulses onward to the bundle of His.
Bundle of His
Fibers that carry an electrical impulse to ensure the sequence of the heart contractions.
Perjunkie fibers
Relay the electrical impulses to the cells of the ventricles and it is the stimulation that causes the ventricles to contract.
Arteries
Large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to all regions of the body.
Carotid arteries
The major arteries that carry blood upward to the head.
Arterioles
The smaller, thinner branches of arteries that deliver blood to the capillaries.
Capillaries
Smallest blood vessels in the body. The capillaries form networks of expanded vascular beds that have important role of delivering oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the tissues.
Veins
Form a low-pressure collecting system to return oxygen poor blood to the heart.
Venules
The smallest veins that join to form the larger veins.
Venae cavae
The two largest veins in the body. They return blood into the heart.
Pulse
The rhythmic pressure against the walls of an artery caused by the contraction of the heart.
Blood pressure
The measurement of the amount of systolic and diastolic pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries.
Plasma
A straw colored fluid that contains nutrients, hormones, and waste products.
Serum
Plasma fluid after the blood cells and the clotting proteins have been removed.
Fibrinogen and prothrombin
The clotting proteins found in plasma.
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells/ transport oxygen to the tissues.
Hemoglobin
The oxygen carrying blood protein pigment of the erythrocytes.
Leukocytes
White blood cells/defend the body against infective organisms and foreign substances.
Neutrophils
Play a major role in the immune system’s defense against pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
Basophils
Formed and red bone marrow, responsible for causing the symptoms of allergies.
Eosinophils
Formed in the red bone marrow and then migrate to tissues throughout the body. These cells destroy a parasitic organisms and play a major role in allergic reactions.
Lymphocytes
Identify foreign substances and germs in the body and produce antibodies that specifically target them.
Monocytes
Provide immunological defenses against many infectious organisms.
Thrombocytes
Play an important role in the clotting of blood.
Blood gases
- oxygen
- carbon dioxide
- nitrogen
Congenital heart defects
Structural abnormalities caused by the failure of the heart to develop normally before birth.
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
Heart disease/The atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces the blood supply to the heart muscle.
Plaque
A fatty deposit similar to the build up of rust inside a pipe.
-oma
Tumor
isch
To hold back
Ischemia
A condition in which there is an insufficient supply of oxygen in the tissues due to restricted blood flow to a part of the body.
Angina
A condition in which severe episodes of chest pain occur due to an in adequate blood flow to the myocardium.
Myocardial infarction
Heart attack/The blockage of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup.
Heart failure
A chronic condition in which the heart is unable to pump out all the blood that it receives.
-megaly
Enlargement
card
Heart
endo-
Within
Bacterial endocarditis
Inflammation of the lining or valves of the heart caused by the presence of bacteria in the blood stream.
-pathy
Disease
valvul
Valve
Valvular prolapse
Abnormal protrusion of a heart valve that results in the inability of the valve to close completely.
stenosis
Abnormal narrowing
Arrhythmia
The loss of the normal rhythm of a heartbeat.
Asystole
Flat line/The complete lack of electrical activity in the heart.
Supraventricular tachycardia
An episode that begins and ends abruptly during which there are very rapid and regular heartbeat that originate at her above the AV node.
Ventricular tachycardia
Very rapid heartbeat that begins within the ventricles.
Fibrillation
A potentially life-threatening fast and irregular heartbeat.
Atrial fibrillation
When normal rhythmic contractions of the atria are replaced by rapid uncontrolled twitching of the muscular heart wall.
Ventricular fibrillation
The rapid, irregular, and useless contractions of the ventricles.
Palpitation
The pounding or racing heartbeat with or without irregularity in the rhythm.
angi/o
Vessel
Hypoperfusion
A deficiency of blood passing through an organ or body part.
Aneurysm
A localized weak spot or balloon like enlargement of the wall of an artery.
Chronic venous insufficiency
A condition in which a venous circulation is in adequate due to the partial thing blockage or to the leakage of venous valves.
phleb
Vein
Varicose veins
Abnormally swollen veins that usually occur in the superficial veins of the legs.
-osis
Condition or disease
embol
Something inserted
Embolus
A foreign object.
-penia
Deficiency
Cholesterol
A fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found in all parts of the body.
Hyperlipidemia
Elevated levels of cholesterol and other fatty substances in the blood.
Lipid
Fat
Hypertension
High blood pressure/The elevation of arterial blood pressure to a level that is likely to cause damage to the cardiovascular system.
-lytic
To destroy
A-fib
Arterial fibrillation
AED
Automated external defibrillator
ICD
Implantable cardioverter defibrillator
CC
Cardiac catheterization
CVI
Chronic venous insufficiency
CAD
Coronary artery disease
HTN
Hypertension
PAD
Peripheral artery disease
PVD
Peripheral vascular disease
TST
Thallium stress test
tPA
Tissue plasminogen activator
V-fib
Ventricular fibrillation
