Chapter 2- The Human Body In Health And Disease Flashcards
1
Q
aden/o
A
Gland
2
Q
adip/o
A
Fat
3
Q
anter/o
A
Before, front
4
Q
caud/o
A
Lower part of the body, tail
5
Q
cephal/o
A
Head
6
Q
cyt/o, cyte
A
Cell
7
Q
end-, endo-
A
In, within, inside
8
Q
exo-
A
Out of, outside, away from
9
Q
hist/o
A
Tissue
10
Q
path/o, -pathy
A
Disease, suffering, feeling, emotion
11
Q
plas/i, plas/o, -plasia
A
Development, growth, formation
12
Q
poster/o
A
Behind, toward the back
13
Q
-stasis, -static
A
Control, maintenance of a constant level
14
Q
Anatomy
A
The study of the structures of the body.
15
Q
Physiology
A
The study of the functions of the structures of the body.
16
Q
physi
A
Nature or physical
17
Q
Atomic Position
A
- Standing up straight so that the body is erect and facing forward.
- Holding arms at the sides with the hands turned so that the palms face towards the front.
18
Q
Vertical Plane
A
An up-and-down plane that is at a right angle to the horizon.
19
Q
Sagittal Plane
A
A vertical plane that divides the body into unequal left and right portions.
20
Q
Midsagittal plane
A
Divides the body into equal left and right halves.
21
Q
Frontal Plane
A
Divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.
22
Q
Anterior
A
Front/ on the front or forward part of an organ.
23
Q
Posterior
A
Back/ on the back part of an organ.
24
Q
Superior
A
Uppermost, above, or toward the head.
25
Inferior
Lowermost, below, toward the feet.
26
Cephalic
Toward the head
27
Caudal
Toward the lower part of the body
28
Proximal
Situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure.
29
Distal
Situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure
30
Medial
The direction toward or nearer the midline
31
Lateral
The direction toward the side of the body, away from the midline.
32
Dorsal Cavity
Located along the back of the head and body, contains organs of the nervous system that coordinate body functions.
33
Cranial cavity
Located within the skull, surrounds and protects the brain.
34
Spinal cavity
Located within the spinal column, surrounds and protects the spinal cord.
35
Ventral cavity
Located along the front of the body, contains the body organs that sustain homeostasis.
36
Homeostasis
The process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment.
37
home/o
Constant
38
-stasis
Control
39
Thoracic Cavity
Surrounds and protects the heart and lungs.
40
Abdominal cavity
Contains the major organs of digestion.
41
Pelvic cavity
The space formed by hip bones and contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems.
42
abdomin/o
Abdomen
43
pelv
Pelvis
44
Inguinal
Relating to the groin, refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen.
45
Hypochondriac regions (right and left)
Covered by the lower ribs.
46
chondr/I
Cartilage
47
Epigastric region
Located above the stomach.
48
epi-
Above
49
gastr
Stomach
50
Lumbar regions (right and left)
Located near the inward curve of the spine.
51
Umbilical region
Surrounds the belly button.
52
Iliac regions
Located near the hip bones
53
Hypogastric
Located below the stomach
54
Quadrants of the Abdomen
- Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
- Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
- Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
- Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
55
Parietal peritoneum
The outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall.
56
Peritoneum
Multi layered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity.
57
Mesentery
Both used double layer of the parietal peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdomen wall.
58
Visceral peritoneum
The inner layer of peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity.
59
Retroperitoneal
Located behind the peritoneum.
60
retro-
Behind
61
periton
Peritoneum
62
Cells
The basic structural and functional units of the body.
63
-plasm
Formative material of cells.
64
Cell membrane
Tissue that surrounds and protects the contents of a cell from the external environment.
65
Cytoplasm
Material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus.
66
Stem cells
Unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division.
67
Adult stem cells
Their primary role is to maintain and repair the tissue in which they are found.
68
Embryonic stem cells
Undifferentiated cells that have the important ability to form any adult cell
69
embry/o
Fertilized ovum
70
Gene
Control hereditary disorders and all physical traits.
71
Genetics
Study of how genes are transferred from parents to their children and the role of genes in health and disease.
72
gene
Producing
73
Genome
The complete set of genetic information of an organism.
74
Chromosome
A genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell.
75
Genetic disorder
A pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene.
76
Genetic mutation
A change of the sequence of a DNA molecule.
77
Down syndrome
Genetic variation that is associated with the characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, developmental delays, and physical abnormalities such as heart valve disease.
78
Tissue
Grouper aware of similarly specialized cells that join together to perform certain specific functions.
79
hist
Tissue
80
Epithelium
The specialized epithelia tissue that forms the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucous membranes.
81
Epithelial Tissue
Forms a protective covering for all the internal and external surfaces of the body. These tissue also form glands.
82
Endothelium
The specialized epithelial tissue that lines the blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands, and organs.
83
Connective Tissues
Support and connect organs and other body tissues.
84
Dense connective tissues
Bone and cartilage, form the joints and framework of the body.
85
Adipose tissue
Fat, provides protective padding, insulation, and support
86
Loose connective tissue
Surrounds various organs and support both never cells and blood vessels.
87
Liquid connective tissues
Blood and lymph, transport nutrients and waste products throughout the body.
88
Muscle tissue
Contain cells with the specialized ability to contract and relax.
89
Nerve tissue
Contain cells with the specialized ability to react to stimuli and to conduct electrical impulses.
90
-trophy
Development
91
exo-
Out of
92
-crine
To secrete
93
endo-
Within
94
carcin
Cancerous
95
-oma
Tumor
96
Communicable disease
Contagious disease/any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated objects.
97
Indirect contact transmission
Situations in which a susceptible person is infected by contact with a contaminated surface.
98
Blood borne transmission
The spread of the disease through contact with infected blood or other body fluids that are contaminated by infected blood.
99
Droplet transmission
The spread of diseases onto a nearby person or object.
100
Airborne transmission
Occurs through contact with germs floating in the air.
101
Foodborne and waterborne transmission
Fecal-oral transmission/ I was by eating or drinking contaminated food or water that has not been properly treated to remove contamination or kill any pathogens present.
102
Vectorborne transmission
Spread of certain disease due to the bite of a vector.
103
epi-
Above
104
dem/i
Population
105
pan-
Entire
106
idi/o
Particular to the individual
107
Endemic
Refers to the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area.
108
Epidemic
A sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population, group, or area.
109
Pandemic
An outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide.
110
Congenital disorder
An abnormal condition that exists in the time of birth.
111
Developmental disorder
A birth defect
112
Prenatal influences
The mother’s health, her behavior, and the prenatal medical care she does or does not receive before delivery.
