Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > Chapter 3- The Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 3- The Skeletal System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ankyl/o

A

Crooked, bent, stiff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

burs/o

A

Bursa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chondr/i, chondr/o

A

Cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cost/o

A

Rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

crani/o

A

Skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

-desis

A

To bind, tie together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

kyph/o

A

Bent, hump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

lord/o

A

Curve, swayback, bent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

-lysis

A

Loosening or setting free

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

myel/o

A

Spinal cord, bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

oss/e, oss/i, ost/o, oste/o

A

Bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

scoli/o

A

Curved, bent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

spondyl/o

A

Vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

synovi/o, synov/o

A

Synovial membrane, synovial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Periosteum

A

Tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outer most covering of the bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Compact bone

A

Cortical bone/ The dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms the protective outer layer of bones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Spongey bone

A

Is porous, which makes it lighter and weaker than compact bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Medullary cavity

A

The central cavity located in the shaft of long bones, where is surrounded by compact bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Endosteum

A

The tissue that lines the medullary cavity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hemopoietic

A

Pertaining to the formation of blood cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cartilage

A

The smooth, robbery, blue-white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Meniscus

A

Curved, fibrous cartilage found in some joints, such as the knee and the temporomandibular joint of the jaw.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Diaphysis

A

The shaft of a long bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Epiphyses

A

The wider ends of long bones such as the femurs of the legs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Foramen

A

Opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Process

A

A normal projection on the surface of a bone that most commonly serves as an attachment for a muscle or tendon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Consisting of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, hold the bones tightly together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Fontanelles

A

Soft spots/ normally present on the school of a newborn.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

Only allow slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Pubic symphysis

A

Allow some movement to facilitate childbirth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Synovial joint

A

Is created where two bones articulate to permit of variety of motions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Synovial capsule

A

Outer most layer of strong fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds the joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Synovial membrane

A

It’s the capsule and secretes synovial fluid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Falls within the synovial cavity, acts as a lubricant to make this move movement of the joint possible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Ligaments

A

Band of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone or by joining a bone to cartilage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Bursa

A

A fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction.
Ex: The shoulder, elbow, and knee where a tendon passes over a bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Axial skeleton

A
  • Protects the major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems.
  • Consists of 80 bones.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A
  • Makes body movement possible and also protects organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction.
  • Consists of 126 bones.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Skull

A

Consist of the 8 bones that form the cranium, 14 bones that form the face, and 6 bones in the middle ear.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Cranium

A

The portion of the school that encloses and protects the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Frontal bone

A

The anterior portion of the cranium that forms the forehead.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Parietal bones

A

Are two of the largest bones of the school. Together they form most of the roof and upper sides of the cranium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Occipital bone

A

Forms the back part of the skull and base of the cranium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Temporal bones

A

Form the sides and base of the cranium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

External auditory meatus

A

The opening of the external auditory canal of the outer ear.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Sphenoid bone

A
  • And irregular, wedge shaped bone at the base of the skull.
  • makes contact with all of the other cranial bones and helps form the base of the cranium, the sides of the skull, and the floors and sides of the eye sockets.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Ethmoid bone

A

Light, spongy bone located at the roof and sides of the nose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Auditory ossicles

A
  • The three tiny bones located in each middle ear.

- Malleus, incus, and stapes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Nasal bones

A

The upper part of the bridge of the nose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Zygomatic bones

A

Cheekbone/articulate with the frontal bone that makes up the forehead.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Maxillary bones

A

Form most of the upper jaw.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Palatine bones

A

Form the anterior part of the hard palate of the mouth and floor of the nose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Lacrimal bones

A

Make up part of the orbit (socket of eye) at the inner angle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Inferior conchae

A

The thin, scroll like bones that form part of the interior of the nose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Vomer bone

A

Forms the basis for the nasal septum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Mandible

A

Jawbone/ The only movable bone of the skull. The mandible is attached to the skull at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Rib cage/ The bony structure that protects the heart and lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

True ribs

A
  • Attach anteriorly to the sternum.

- The first 7 ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

False ribs

A
  • Attach anteriorly to cartilage that connects them to the sternum.
  • Next 3 ribs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Floating ribs

A
  • Only attached posteriorly to the vertebrae.

- The last 2 pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Sternum

A

Breast bone/ a flat, dagger-shaped bone located in the middle of the chest.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Manubrium

A

The bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Body of the sternum

A

The bony structure that forms the middle portion of the sternum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Xiphoid process

A

The structure made of cartilage that forms the lower portion of the sternum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Pectoral girdle

A

Supports the arms and hands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Clavicle

A

Collar bone/ slender bone that connects the manubrium of the sternum to the scapula.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Scapula

A

Shoulder blade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Acromion

A

And extension of the scapula that forms the high point of the shoulder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Humorous

A

The bone of the upper arm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Radius

A

The smaller and shorter Bone in the forearm. The radius runs up the thumb side of the forearm.

72
Q

Ulna

A

The larger and longer bone of the forearm. The proximal end of the ulna articulates with the distal end of the humerus to form the elbow joint.

73
Q

Olecranon process

A

Funny bone/ A large projection on the upper end of the ulna. This forms the point of the elbow and exposes a nerve that tingles when struck.

74
Q

Carpals

A

The bones that form the wrist.

75
Q

Metacarpals

A

The five bones that form the palms of the hand.

76
Q

Distal Phalanges

A

Outermost bones of the fingers.

77
Q

Middle phalanges

A

The middle bones of the fingers.

78
Q

Proximal phalanges

A

Finger bones nearest to the hands.

79
Q

Spinal column

A

Texas final cord and supports the head and body.

80
Q

Intrervertebral disks

A

Made of cartilage, separate and cushion the vertebrae from each other.

81
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A

The first set of seven vertebrae, and they form the neck.

82
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A

T1-T12, each pair of vertebrae has a pair of ribs attached to it and they form the outward curve of the spine.

83
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A

L1-L5, together they form the N-word curve of the lower spine. These are the largest and strongest of the vertebrae, they bear most of the body’s weight.

84
Q

Sacrum

A

The slightly curved, triangular shaped bone near the base of the spine that forms the lower portion of the back.

85
Q

Coccyx

A

Tailbone/ forms the end of the spine is actually made up of four small vertebrae that are fused together.

86
Q

Pelvis

A

Protects internal organs and supports the lower extremities.

87
Q

Iilum

A

The broad, blade shaped bone that forms the back and sides of the pubic bone.

88
Q

Sacroiliac

A

The slightly movable articulation between the sacrum and posterior portion of the ilium.

89
Q

Sacr/o

A

Sacrum

90
Q

ili

A

Ilium

91
Q

Ischium

A

Forms the lower posterior portion of the pubic bone, bears weight of a body when sitting.

92
Q

Pubis

A

Forms the anterior portion of the pubic bone, is located just below the urinary bladder.

93
Q

Pubic synthesis

A

The cartilaginous joint that unites the left and right pubic bones.

94
Q

Acetabulum

A

Hip socket/is the large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint.

95
Q

Femurs

A

The largest bones in the body.

96
Q

Patella

A

Kneecap/bony anterior portion of the knee.

97
Q

Popliteal

A

Describes the posterior space behind the knee where the ligaments, vessels, and muscles related to this joint are located.

98
Q

Cruciate ligaments

A

Make possible the movements of the knee.

99
Q

Tibia

A

Shinbone/ The large anterior weight bearing bone of the lower leg.

100
Q

Fibula

A

Smaller of the two bones of the lower leg.

101
Q

Ankles

A

Joints that connect the lower leg and foot and make the necessary movements possible.

102
Q

Malleolus

A

A rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint.

103
Q

Talus

A

The ankle bone that articulates with the tibia and fibula.

104
Q

Calcaneus

A

Heel bone/ The largest of the tarsal bones.

105
Q

Metatarsals

A

On the part of the foot to which the toes are attached. (5)

106
Q

Phalanges

A

Bones of the toes

107
Q

Ankylosis

A

The loss or absence or mobility in a joint due to disease, injury, or a surgical procedure.

108
Q

Adhesive capsulitis

A

Frozen shoulder/ the painful ankylosis if the shoulder.

109
Q

capsul

A

Little box

110
Q

Arthosclerosis

A

The stiffness in joints.

111
Q

Bakers cyst

A

A fluid filled sac behind the knee

112
Q

Hallux Valgus

A

Bunion/ an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe.

113
Q

hem

A

Blood

114
Q

poly-

A

Many

115
Q

Sprain

A

Occurs when a ligament that connects bones to a joint is wrenched or torn.

116
Q

synov-

A

Synovial membrane

117
Q

Dislocation

A

The total displacement of a bone from its joint.

118
Q

Subluxation

A

The partial displacement of a bone from its joint.

119
Q

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

A

An autoimmune disorder that affects children with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue.

120
Q

Gout

A

A type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints.

121
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

RA/ chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked.

122
Q

ankylosing

A

The progressive stiffening of a joint(s).

123
Q

Herniated disk

A

The breaking apart of an intervertebral dusk that results in pressure on spinal nerve roots.

124
Q

Lumbago

A

Low back pain

125
Q

lumb

A

Lumbar

126
Q

-listhesis

A

Slipping

127
Q

Spina bifida

A

A congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it.

128
Q

Avascular necrosis

A

An area of bone tissue death caused be insufficient blood flow.

129
Q

vascul

A

Blood vessels

130
Q

Paget’s disease

A

A chronic bone disease of unknown cause. Abnormal breakdown of bone followed by abnormal bone formation.

131
Q

Rickets

A

A deficiency disease in children. Defective bone growth from lacking vitamin D

132
Q

Short Stature

A

Dwarfism/ a condition resulting from the failure of the bones of the limbs to grow the appropriate length.

133
Q

Talipes

A

Clubfoot/ describes and congenital deformity of the foot involving the talus ( ankle bones ).

134
Q

Primary bone cancer

A

A rare malignant tumor that originated in a bone.

135
Q

Malignant

A

Becoming progressively worse and life-threatening.

136
Q

Secondary bone cancer

A

Describes tumors that have spread to bones from other organs.

137
Q

por

A

Small opening

138
Q

-penia

A

Deficiency

139
Q

Compression failure

A

When bone is pressed together on its self.

140
Q

Colles fracture

A

Fractured wrist

141
Q

Osteoporotic hip fracture

A

Broken hip/ caused by weakening of the bones due osteoporosis. Can be spontaneous or as the result of a fall.

142
Q

Closed fracture

A

The bone is broken, but there is no open wound in the skin.

143
Q

Open fracture

A

The bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin.

144
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

The bone is splintered or crushed.

145
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

Incomplete fracture/ The bone is bent and only partially broken.

146
Q

Oblique fracture

A

Occurs at an angle across the bone.

147
Q

Pathologic fracture

A

Occurs when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain.

148
Q

Spiral fracture

A

The bone has been twisted apart.

149
Q

Stress fracture

A

An overuse injury, a chronic crack in the bone that often develops from chronic excessive impact.

150
Q

Transverse fracture

A

Occurs straight across the bone.

151
Q

Fat embolus

A

Can form when a long bone is fractured and fat cells from yellow bone marrow are released into the blood.

152
Q

Crepitation

A

The grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together.

153
Q

Callus

A

A bulging deposit around the area of the break.

154
Q

Radiograph

A

X-ray/ the use of x-radiation to visualize bone fractures and other abnormalities.

155
Q

Bone marrow biopsy

A

A diagnostic test that may be necessary after abnormal types or numbers of red or white blood cells are found in a CBC test.

156
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging

A

Used to image soft tissue structures.

157
Q

Bone density testing

A

Used to determine losses or changes in bone density.

158
Q

Ultrasonic bone density testing

A

A screening test for osteoporosis or other conditions that cause a loss of bone mass.

159
Q

Dual x-ray absorptiometry

A

A low exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density.

160
Q

Bone marrow transplant

A

Healthy bone marrow stem cells are transfused into the recipients blood.

161
Q

Allogenic

A

Originating within another.

162
Q

Autologous

A

Originating within an individual.

163
Q

Orthotic

A

A medical appliance (leg brace) that is designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function.

164
Q

Prosthesis

A

A substitute for a diseased or missing body part.

165
Q

Revision surgery

A

The replacement of a worn or failed implant.

166
Q

Percutaneous discectomy

A

Performed to treat a herniated intervertebral disk.

167
Q

Percutaneous vertebroplasty

A

Bone cement is injected to stabilize compressing fractures within the spinal column.

168
Q

Laminectomy

A

The surgical removal of the posterior portion of the vertebra.

169
Q

Fusion

A

Join together

170
Q

-clasis

A

To break

171
Q

Closed reduction

A

Manipulations/is the attempted realignment of a bone involved in a fracture or joint dislocation.

172
Q

Immobilization

A

The act of holding, suturing, or fastening the bone in a fixed position with strapping or a cast.

173
Q

Traction

A

Pulling force exerted on a limb and a distal direction in an effort to return the bone or joint to normal alignment.

174
Q

External fixation

A

A fracture treatment procedure in which pins are placed through the soft tissues and bone so that the external implants can be used to hold the pieces of the bone firmly in place during healing.

175
Q

Internal fixation

A

A fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold broken pieces in place.

Medical Terminology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions