Chapter 5 Test Flashcards
Genes are sections of
DNA
A cell that has two of each kind of chromosome is
diploid
In which type of reproduction does the offspring receive genes from both parents
sexual
Before a cell divides, it makes a copy of its genes during
interphase
The new cell that forms from the union of two gametes is called a
zygote
Phases of mitosis
interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
This is what happens during mitosis
the cell divides its chromosomes
When all the genes of a chromosome have duplicated but are still attached, the structures that are formed are called
sister chromatids
Stages of normal cell division include
mitosis, interphase, cytokinesis
The number of chromosomes that are in human sperm (haploid cell)
23
This carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
messenger RNA
This characteristic of spores allows them to survive in unfavorable conditions
they are surrounded by a protective covering
A nucleotide contains
sugar, phosphate, base
The method of sexual reproduction
fertilization
The bases in a DNA molecule include
adenine, guanine, cytosine
The scientists who came up with a model for the structure of DNA include
Francis Crick and James Watson
In a DNA molecule, adenine always pairs with this
thymine
______________ is the division of a cell’s cytoplasm, forming two new cells
Cytokinesis
This type of reproduction results in offspring that is identical to the parent
Asexual
If a mouse has 40 chromosomes in a normal diploid cell, there would be 40 chromosomes in the cell after mitosis and _____ chromosomes in the cell after meiosis
20
In an RNA molecule, cytosine always pairs with this
guanine
the phase in which the nuclear membrane disappears and the chromosomes coil
prophase
the phase in which two identical nuclei form
telophase
the phase in which the sister chromatids are lined up at the center of the spindle
metaphase
having two of each kind of chromosome
diploid
combining an egg and a sperm
fertilization
the organelles on which protein synthesis occurs
ribosomes
the process of forming two DNA molecules from one
replication
the process of dividing a cell’s cytoplasm and organelles
cytokinesis
the process of forming mRNA from DNA
transcription
the process of forming gametes
meiosis
the process of manufacturing proteins inside a cell
protein synthesis
the process of regrowing missing body parts
regeneration
stage when genes duplicate before cell division
interphase
the division of genetic material
mitosis
provide the instructions for making proteins
gene
a group of three nucleotides
codon
having one of each kind of chromosome
haploid
stage that provides cytoplasm and organelles to each daughter cell
cytokinesis
a form of asexual reproduction
budding
