Chapter 5 Study Guide Flashcards
Passive Transport
movement of substances across the membrane that can cross without any input of energy by the cell
Osmosis
the process by which water molecules diffuse across a cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Turgor Pressure
pressure that water molecules exert against the cell wall.
Carrier Protein
grabs molecule, changes shape, and flips molecule to other side of the membrane like a revolving door.
Facilitated Diffusion
When a protein (channel protein or carrier protein) is used to transport a substance through a membrane.
Diffusion
movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Hypotonic
Concentration outside the cell is less than inside the cell. More water enters than leaves so cell will swell and possibly burst.
Concentration Gradient
Difference in concentration in one place to another.
List 3 Kinds of Passive Transport
Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.
Examples of molecules that move through the lipid bilayer.
oxygen and carbon dioxide A, D, E, K, Steriods Testosterone, estrogen.
Ion Channels
Are membrane proteins that look like doughnuts; ions pass through the pore created by the protein.
Isotonic
Concentration outside the cell equals concentration inside cell. Water entering= water leaving so cell stays the same size.
Cytolysis
bursting of cells (in a hypotonic environment); water diffuses into cells, causing them to swell and burst.
Active Transport
Requires energy from ATP.
Pinocytosis
Fluid or small molecules.
Phagocytosis
Large particles or whole cells.
Endocytosis
Takes substances into cell.
Sodium- Potassium Pump
Na+ is pumped out of cells at same time K+ is taken into cells.
Plasmolysis
Occurs when a plant cell membrane shrinks away from cell wall. This occurs when water moves out of the plant cell.
Endocytosis
Ingestion of external fluid, macromolecules, and large particles.
Exocytosis
A substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out.
