Chapter 5- Skeletal System Flashcards
The bones that form the longitudal axis of the body is..
Axial skeleton
the bones of the limbs and girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton form the…
Appendicular skeleton
The skeletal system includes..
Bones
Joints
Cartilages
Ligaments
What are the 5 functions of the Skeletal System
Support Protection Movement Storage Blood cell formation
What type of tissue is bone tissue?
Connective tissue
What are the 2 types of bone tissue?
Compact Bone
Spongy Bone
Define the Structure: Compact bone
Is dense, looks smooth and is homeogenous
Define the Structure: Spongy bone
Is composed of small needlelike pieces of bone and lots of open space
What are the 4 classifications of bones
- Long
- Short
- Flat
- Irregular
Give examples of: Long Bones
Arm bones- radius, ulna, humerus
Leg bones- femur, tibia, fibula
Give examples of: Short bones
Wrist bones- carpals, metacarpals
Ankle bones- tarsals, metatarsals
Give a example of: Sesamoid bone
Patella
Give examples of: Flat bones
Ribs, Sternum and most bones of the skull
Give examples of: Irregular bones
Vertebrae
Hip bones
Name the 4 types of Bone Cells
- Osteogenic cells
- Osteocytes
- Osteoblasts
- Osteoclasts
Define: Osteogenic cells
Actively dividing stem cells within the periosteum and endosteum
Define: Osteocytes
Mature bone cells
Define: Osteoblasts
Bone forming cells
Define: Osteoclasts
Giant bone destroying cells
What cells are used for Bone Remodelling?
Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts
Define: Ossification
Process of bone formation
Define: Appositional growth
Process by which bones increase in diameter
Bones are remodelled in response to changes in 2 factors, these are..
- Calcium levels in the blood
2. the pull of gravity and muscles on the skeleton
Name the 3 types of Treatments for Bone Fractures
- Reduction
- Closed reduction
- Open reducton
Define: Reduction
the realignment of the broken bone ends
Define: Closed reduction
the bones are coaxed back into position by hand
Define: Open reduction
Surgery- bone ends are secured together with pins or wires
Bone Fracture: a break that does not penetrate the skin is..
Closed (simple) Fracture
Bone Fracture: a broken bone penetrates through the skin
Open (compound) Fracture
Name the bones of the Axial Skeleton
Skull
Vertebral column
Thoracic cage
Name the number of Cervical Vertebrae
7
Name the number of Thoracic Vertebrae
12
Name the number of Lumbar Vertebrae
5
The Function of: Intervertebral discs
Cushion the vertebrae
Absorbs shocks
Allows flexibility
Name the 2 regions of Primary Curvatures
Thoracic region
Sacral region
Name the 2 regions of Secondary Curvatures
Cervical region
Lumbar region
What are the 5 regions of the Vertebral Column
Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Coxics
What parts are the hip bone formed by?
ilium
ischium
pubis
Articulations are?
joints
The Function: joints
- hold bone together securely
2. give the rigid skeleton mobility
What are the 3 functional classifications of Joints?
- Synarthroses
- Amphiarthroses
- Diarthroses
Define: Synarthroses
immovable joints
Define: Amphiarthroses
Slightly moveable joints
Define: Diarthroses
Freely movable joints
What are the 2 subdivisions f the skeleton
Axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton
