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Introduction to Human Biology > Chapter 5- Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 5- Skeletal System Flashcards

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1
Q

The bones that form the longitudal axis of the body is..

A

Axial skeleton

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2
Q

the bones of the limbs and girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton form the…

A

Appendicular skeleton

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3
Q

The skeletal system includes..

A

Bones
Joints
Cartilages
Ligaments

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4
Q

What are the 5 functions of the Skeletal System

A 
Support
Protection
Movement
Storage
Blood cell formation
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5
Q

What type of tissue is bone tissue?

A

Connective tissue

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6
Q

What are the 2 types of bone tissue?

A

Compact Bone

Spongy Bone

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7
Q

Define the Structure: Compact bone

A

Is dense, looks smooth and is homeogenous

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8
Q

Define the Structure: Spongy bone

A

Is composed of small needlelike pieces of bone and lots of open space

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9
Q

What are the 4 classifications of bones

A
  1. Long
  2. Short
  3. Flat
  4. Irregular
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10
Q

Give examples of: Long Bones

A

Arm bones- radius, ulna, humerus

Leg bones- femur, tibia, fibula

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11
Q

Give examples of: Short bones

A

Wrist bones- carpals, metacarpals

Ankle bones- tarsals, metatarsals

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12
Q

Give a example of: Sesamoid bone

A

Patella

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13
Q

Give examples of: Flat bones

A

Ribs, Sternum and most bones of the skull

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14
Q

Give examples of: Irregular bones

A

Vertebrae

Hip bones

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15
Q

Name the 4 types of Bone Cells

A
  1. Osteogenic cells
  2. Osteocytes
  3. Osteoblasts
  4. Osteoclasts
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16
Q

Define: Osteogenic cells

A

Actively dividing stem cells within the periosteum and endosteum

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17
Q

Define: Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells

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18
Q

Define: Osteoblasts

A

Bone forming cells

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19
Q

Define: Osteoclasts

A

Giant bone destroying cells

20
Q

What cells are used for Bone Remodelling?

A

Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts

21
Q

Define: Ossification

A

Process of bone formation

22
Q

Define: Appositional growth

A

Process by which bones increase in diameter

23
Q

Bones are remodelled in response to changes in 2 factors, these are..

A
  1. Calcium levels in the blood

2. the pull of gravity and muscles on the skeleton

24
Q

Name the 3 types of Treatments for Bone Fractures

A
  1. Reduction
  2. Closed reduction
  3. Open reducton
25
Q

Define: Reduction

A

the realignment of the broken bone ends

26
Q

Define: Closed reduction

A

the bones are coaxed back into position by hand

27
Q

Define: Open reduction

A

Surgery- bone ends are secured together with pins or wires

28
Q

Bone Fracture: a break that does not penetrate the skin is..

A

Closed (simple) Fracture

29
Q

Bone Fracture: a broken bone penetrates through the skin

A

Open (compound) Fracture

30
Q

Name the bones of the Axial Skeleton

A

Skull
Vertebral column
Thoracic cage

31
Q

Name the number of Cervical Vertebrae

A

7

32
Q

Name the number of Thoracic Vertebrae

A

12

33
Q

Name the number of Lumbar Vertebrae

A

5

34
Q

The Function of: Intervertebral discs

A

Cushion the vertebrae
Absorbs shocks
Allows flexibility

35
Q

Name the 2 regions of Primary Curvatures

A

Thoracic region

Sacral region

36
Q

Name the 2 regions of Secondary Curvatures

A

Cervical region

Lumbar region

37
Q

What are the 5 regions of the Vertebral Column

A 
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coxics
38
Q

What parts are the hip bone formed by?

A

ilium
ischium
pubis

39
Q

Articulations are?

A

joints

40
Q

The Function: joints

A
  1. hold bone together securely

2. give the rigid skeleton mobility

41
Q

What are the 3 functional classifications of Joints?

A
  1. Synarthroses
  2. Amphiarthroses
  3. Diarthroses
42
Q

Define: Synarthroses

A

immovable joints

43
Q

Define: Amphiarthroses

A

Slightly moveable joints

44
Q

Define: Diarthroses

A

Freely movable joints

45
Q

What are the 2 subdivisions f the skeleton

A

Axial skeleton

Appendicular skeleton

Introduction to Human Biology (12 decks)

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