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Introduction to Human Biology > Chapter 1- Human Body Orientation > Flashcards

Chapter 1- Human Body Orientation Flashcards

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0
Q

Define Anatomy

A

Anatomy is the study of structure

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1
Q

Define Physiology

A

Physiology is the study of how a structure functions/works

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2
Q

What are the 6 levels of Structural Organisation

A
  1. Chemical level 2. Cellular level 3. Tissue level 4. Organ level 5. Organ system level 6. Organismal level
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3
Q

What is an organ system

A

An organ system is a group of organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose

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4
Q

How many organ systems are there

A

11

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5
Q

Name all the organ systems

A

Integumentary system Skeletal system Muscular system Nervous system Endocrine system Cardiovascular system Lymphatic system Respiratory system Digestive system Urinary system Reproductive system

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6
Q

Define: the Integumentary System

A

Is the external covering of the body.

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7
Q

Describe the Endocrine System and it’s function

A

It controls body activities. Endocrine glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction and nutrient use by body cells

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8
Q

Describe the function of the Urinary System

A

It removes nitrogen containing wastes (urea & uric acid) from the blood and flushes them from the body (urine).

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9
Q

Describe the function of the Reproductive System, Male & Female

A

To produce offspring. Male Duct System- carries sperm outside the body Female Duct System- carries the egg/ova to the uterus for development of a fetus. Mammary glands produce breast milk for babies

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10
Q

Describe Homeostasis

A

Is the body’s ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world is continuously changing

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11
Q

What is the anatomical position

A

The body is erect with the feet parallel, the arms hanging at the sides with palms facing forward

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12
Q

What are Directional Terms

A

They allow medical personnel and anatomists to explain exactly where one body structure is in relation to another

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13
Q

Directional Term: Superior (Cranial)

A

Above something else, toward the head

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14
Q

Directional Term: Inferior (Caudal)

A

Below something else, toward the tail

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15
Q

Directional Term: Ventral (anterior)

A

Toward the front of the body or structure

16
Q

Directional Term: Dorsal (posterior)

A

Toward the rear or back of the body structure

17
Q

Directional Term: Medial

A

Toward the midline of the body

18
Q

Directional Term: Lateral

A

Away from the midline of the body

19
Q

Directional Term: Proximal

A

Closer to the point of attachment

20
Q

Directional Term: Distal

A

Farther from the point of attachment

21
Q

Directional Term: Superficial (external)

A

At or close to the body surface

22
Q

Directional Term: Deep (internal)

A

Below or away from the body surface

23
Q

What are Regional Terms

A

Visible landmarks on the body surface, used to specifically refer to a body part or area

24
Q

What are the 2 main body cavities

A

Dorsal Body Cavity Ventral Body Cavity

25
Q

What are the 2 subdivisions of the Dorsal Body Cavity, and what organs do they hold

A

The Cranial Cavity- is the space inside the bony skull. Contains the brain The Spinal Cavity- extends from the cranial cavity nearly to the end of the vertebral column. Contains the spinal cord

26
Q

What are the 2 subdivisions of the Ventral Body Cavity, and what organs are found there

A

The (superior) Thoracic Cavity- extends to the diaphragm. Contains the heart and lungs, which are somewhat protected by the rib cage The (inferior) Abdominopelvic Cavity- the upper abdominal cavity is only protect by trunk muscles. Contains the stomach, liver, intestines and some other organs The lower abdominal cavity (pelvic) is somewhat protected by the bony pelvis. Contains the reproductive organs, bladder and rectum Contains

27
Q

What are the several other body cavities

A

Nasal Orbital Middle Ear

28
Q

What makes up the Integumentary System

A

Skin

29
Q

What makes up the Muscular System

A

Skeletal Muscles

30
Q

What makes up the Nervous System

A

Brain Sensory Receptor (eyes) Spinal Cord Nerves

31
Q

What makes up the Endocrine System

A

Pineal gland Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Thymus gland Adrenal glands Pancreas Testes (male) Ovary (female)

32
Q

What makes up the Cardiovascular System

A

Heart Blood Vessels

33
Q

What makes up the Lymphatic System

A

Thoracic duct Lymph nodes Lymphatic vessels

34
Q

What makes up the Digestive System

A

Oral cavity Oesophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Rectum Anus

35
Q

What makes up the Urinary System

A

Kidney Ureter Urinary bladder Urethra

36
Q

What makes up the Male reproductive system

A

Prostate gland Seminal vesicles Penis Vas deferens Testis Scrotum

37
Q

What makes up the Female reproductive system

A

Mammary glands Uterine tubes Ovaries Uterus Vagina

38
Q

Function of: the Integumentary System

A

It waterproofs the body and cushions & protects the deeper tissues

Introduction to Human Biology (12 decks)

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