Chapter 14- The Digestive System & Body Metabolism Flashcards
Define the Function: Metabolism
produces cellular energy (ATP) and includes all constructive and degradative cellular activities
Define the Function: Digestive System
breaks down ingested food into particles small enough to be absorbed into the blood
Name the organs of the Digestive System
Oral Cavity Oesophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Rectum Anus
Name the 2 groups of the Digestive System
Alimentary Canal
Accessory Digestive Organs
Define the Function: Alimentary Canal
performs the whole menu of digestive functions as it propels the foodstuffs along its tract
Define the Function: Accessory Digestive Organs
assists the process of digestive breakdown in various ways
Name the major functions of the digestive tract
Digestion and Absorption
Name the 6 essential activities of the gastrointestinal tract
- Ingestion
- Propulsion
- Mechanical Breakdown (food breakdown)
- Digestion (food breakdown)
- Absorption
- Defacation
Digestive activity is controlled by…
reflexes via the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
Define: Nutrient
is a substance in food that is used by the body to promote normal growth, maintenance and repair
Define: Kilocalorie
is the unit to measure the energy value of food
Name some major nutrients
carbohydrates lipids proteins vitamins minerals
Define: Metabolism
is a broad term refering to all chemical reactions that are neccessary to maintain life
Define: Catabolism
the breakdown of substances to simpler substances
Define: Anabolism
the building of larger molecules or structures from smaller ones
Define: Energy Intake
is the energy liberated during food oxidation
Define: Energy Output
includes the energy we immediately lose as heat, plus energy that is stored
Define: Energy Storage
is important only during periods of growth and during net fat deposit
Define: Basal Metabolic Rate
is the amount of heat produced by the body per unit of time when it is under basal conditions- that is, at rest
Define: Total metabolic rate
refers to the total amount of kilocalories the body must consume to fuel ongoing activities
