Chapter 5: Sexuality and Deviance

Question 1

Elite Discourses

Answer 1

The ways of talking and thinking about sexuality that emerge from locations of power of society

Question 2

Sipiniq

Answer 2

Biological male with a female essence

Question 3

Okitcitakwe

Answer 3

Biological female with a male essence

Question 4

Nadleehi

Answer 4

A third gender

Question 5

Two-Spirited

Answer 5

Indigenous individuals whose sex, gender, or sexuality lies outside of the colonial dualism

Question 6

Criteria for Determining Sexual Deviance

Answer 6

Consent
Nature of the Partner
Nature of the Act

Question 7

Consent

Answer 7

If there is no consent, the act is illegal and therefore, deviantized
Was consent possible? (date rape drugs, intoxication)
Age of consent laws, children cannot give consent
A spectrum, not binary

Question 8

Nature of the Sexual Partner

Answer 8

Illegal partners = deviantized (incest, authority figures, bestiality)
Some environments may consider specific partners unacceptable (work place, schools, clients)
There are still same sex relationships that are deviantized even though they are legal

Question 9

Nature of the Sexual Act

Answer 9

Are the sexual acts perceived as acceptable or unacceptable
Stigma around masturbation has changed
Sex toys have become more normalized
What is viewed as acceptable is subjective

Question 10

Exotic Dancing

Answer 10

Victimization vs agency debate

Question 11

Structure of Power in Exotic Dancing

Answer 11

Individual
Organizational
Institutional

Question 12

Individual Level of Power

Answer 12

Boundaries are sometimes ignored by clients
Dancers can earn more money based on counterfeit intimacy (fantasy relationships)
The industry can affect dancers self esteem and self concept

Question 13

Organizational Level

Answer 13

There are rules governing the behavior of the dancers and the customers
There are competing interests among dancers, stakeholders, managers (revenue for business vs personal income)

Question 14

Institutional Level

Answer 14

Capitalism and cultural ideals of beauty

Question 15

McDonaldization of Society

Answer 15

Efficiency, predictability, control, calculability
Efficient use of time as a dancer, as many customers as possible
Predictability translates to a standard that a customer expects to see
Control is evident in dance moves, the lines they use, the characters they dress as
Calculability is in the dancers song and dance selection, just long enough to tease

Question 16

Functional Definition of Pornography

Answer 16

Pornography is anything used by an individual for the purposes of sexual arousal

Question 17

Genre Definition of Pornography

Answer 17

Products created for the use of arousing the customer constitute pornography

Question 18

Labelling Definition of Pornography

Answer 18

Community standards, anything that community members deem as obscene
Usually based on law

Question 19

Pornography Among Youth

Answer 19

More permissive sexual attitudes
More traditional gender role attitudes
Higher likelihood of sexual intercourse
Higher likelihood of casual sex
Higher likelihood of sexual aggression

Question 20

Discourses of Prostitution

Answer 20

Morality –> Public Health –> Victimization –> Worker Rights

Question 21

Oppression Paradigm

Answer 21

Sex workers are incapable of being agents of choice or power
Criticisms: based on moral rhetoric, sweeping generalizations

Question 22

Polymorphous Paradigm

Answer 22

Recognizes varying working conditions and different experiences of different groups of sex workers

Question 23

“Tempting Girls”

Answer 23

Young peasant women who migrate from rural to urban areas, originally to work in factories but becoming sex workers instead

Question 24

Bill C-36

Answer 24

The Protection of Communities and Exploited Persons Act
Criminalized certain aspects of prostitution

Question 25

Criticisms of Bill C-36

Answer 25

Forces sex workers underground, where it is harder for them to find support to leave sex work
Sends message that prostitution is acceptable
Fails to recognize differential marginalized groups