Chapter 4: Mass Media and Deviance

Question 1

Media

Answer 1

Vehicles used to transmit information in acts of communication

Question 2

Simulmedia

Answer 2

Using multiple forms of media simultaneously

Question 3

Media and Social Problems

Answer 3

Indicates which people and issues we should be concerned about and why
Shapes public debates

Question 4

Media and Boundaries between Groups

Answer 4

Shapes understandings of “us” and “them”
Shapes how we view groups of people
Ex. good vs bad mothers

Question 5

Administrative Research

Answer 5

Focuses on the objective side of deviance
Concerned with what is already defined as deviant
Analyze individuals who constitute the audience and the effects of media messages
Which messages will result in certain outcomes in certain individuals

Question 6

Critical Research

Answer 6

Focuses on the subjective side of deviance
Analyzes processes of social control, structures of power, and the relationship between media and society
Focuses on how media shapes society

Question 7

Product Placement

Answer 7

Inserting brand name products into TV shows, movies, video games, etc.

Question 8

Virtual Product Placement

Answer 8

Targets more individuals
Browsing certain products and then seeing them appear in ads through other websites or platforms

Question 9

Correlational Studies and Violence

Answer 9

Analyzes the extent to which increases and decreases
Measuring how much media violence participants consume and levels of aggression in everyday life
More media violence = more aggressive, small to moderate significant relationship
Individuals who are more aggressive to begin with choose to engage with violent media

Question 10

Experimental Studies

Answer 10

Attempt to determine causation
Greater exposure to media violence has effects such as less empathy, more acceptance of aggression to resolve problems
Media violence may affect some individuals more than others

Question 11

Desensitization

Answer 11

Lessening the emotional impact of violent acts and making people more tolerant or accepting of violence
Emotional (lowered anxiety) and physiological (lowered heart rate and blood pressure)

Question 12

Framing

Answer 12

The overall way that an image or issue is depicted in the media
Certain aspects of reality are highlighted and certain aspects are not shown at all
The media frames individuals, social issues, health conditions and social groups

Question 13

Framing Social Groups

Answer 13

Ethnic minorities are usually invisible in media or biased portrayals
There are 3 important frames when it comes to portrayal of Chinese people: absence or inauthentic presence, racializing the body, social threat

Question 14

Absence or Inauthentic Presence

Answer 14

Chinese people are relatively absent
The inauthentic presence involves Chinese people represented as martial arts experts or historical figures

Question 15

Racializing the Body

Answer 15

Certain physical characteristics like eyes and accents are overemphasized, especially in animation

Question 16

Social Threat

Answer 16

Ex. perceived overrepresentation of Asian students in Canadian universities
Threat of Asian people to Western values and traditions

Question 17

Micro Level of Media Framing

Answer 17

Media portrayal can affect people’s identities
Identity can be formed within media representation
Ex. stereotypes within media can affect the perceived identities of different ethnic groups

Question 18

Macro Level of Media Framing

Answer 18

Impact the discussion of social issues and the social policies that emerge
Media framing of racialized groups contributes to social inequality

Question 19

Hegemony

Answer 19

Moral entrepreneurs assert influence over us through what is projected in the media

Question 20

Convergence

Answer 20

Media companies owning multiple forms of media

Question 21

Conglomeration

Answer 21

Companies merging or buying out others to create larger companies
This creates distance between the parent company and its subsidiary companies
This can also create conflicts of interest

Question 22

Concentration

Answer 22

A small number of companies control most media products
This creates a narrower range of ideas

Question 23

Media Deviance Nexus

Answer 23

Five different relationships exist between media and deviance: media as a cause of deviance, media constructing deviance and normality, media as a tool to commit acts of deviance, media as a site of the deviance dance, media as deviantized itself

Question 24

Media Causes Deviance

Answer 24

Specific media messages may propel certain individuals into acts of deviance
Seen in administrative approaches to media

Question 25

Media Constructs Deviance and Normality

Answer 25

Media constructs deviance by shaping the dominant moral codes that govern what is acceptable and unacceptable behaviors and characteristics

Question 26

Cyberdeviance

Answer 26

Deviant acts that are committed using computer technology

Question 27

Phishing

Answer 27

Sending fraudulent emails or phone calls to convince them to reveal sensitive information like passwords, bank account numbers or social security numbers

Question 28

Cyberterrorism or Cyberespionage

Answer 28

Using computer viruses and malware to attack businesses or societal infrastructure

Question 29

Cyberwarfare

Answer 29

Where one state interferes with the government or military computer systems of another

Question 30

Hacktivism

Answer 30

Individuals or organized groups will use hacking as a form of social protest or activism

Question 31

Media and the Deviance Dance

Answer 31

The media shows us who should be considered deviant, why they should be considered deviant and what should be done about it There can be debate over who and what should be deviant between different medias The media is also a tool of social control Media can also be a tool for resistance to movements and important issues

Question 32

Deviantizing the Media

Answer 32

Media products themselves are socially typed as deviant and are subject to social controls Ex. censorship, restrictions, boycotting

Question 33

Why are Youth Deviantized

Answer 33

Presumed effects of media on youth behavior (exposure to violence, sexualization, etc) Association with groups of youth who are considered troublesome