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Genetics 3301-01 > Chapter 5: Sex Determination & Sex Chromosomes > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Sex Determination & Sex Chromosomes Flashcards

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1
Q

about how many genes are present in the Y chromosome?

A

75

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2
Q

about how many genes are present in the X chromosome?

A

900-1400

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3
Q

pseudoautosomal regions share

A

homology with regions on X chromosome

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4
Q

the male specific region of the Y chromosome is equally divided between

A

euchromatic and heterochromatic regions

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5
Q

euchromatic regions are known as

A

functional genes

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6
Q

heterochromatic regions are known as

A

lacking genes

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7
Q

the sex determining region of the Y chromosome is a critical in

A

controlling sexual development

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8
Q

what does SRY stand for?

A

sex determining region

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9
Q

what does MSY stand for?

A

male specific region of the Y

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10
Q

what does PAR stand for?

A

pseudoautosomal region

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11
Q

what does TDF stand for?

A

testis-determining factor

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12
Q

The SRY gene encodes for what protein?

A

testis determining factor

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13
Q

a form of dosage compensation are known as

A

Barr Bodies

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14
Q

what is the lyon hypothesis?

A

inactivation of X chromosome is random; all descendant cells have same inactivation

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15
Q

mechanisms of X chromosome inactivation include

A
  • DNA or histone proteins

- imprinting

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16
Q

define imprinting

A

process where expression of genes on one homolog is affected but not the other

17
Q

in drosophila sex is determined by?

A

the ratio of X chromosomes to haploid sets of autosomes

18
Q

describe sex ratios in drosophila

A

female- 1:1

male- 1:2

19
Q

genic balance theory states that

A
  • threshold of maleness is reached when X:A ratio is 1:2

- presence of additional XX:A alters balance resulting in female

20
Q

hermaphrodites have

A

both testes and ovaries

21
Q

TSD stands for?

A

temperature-dependent sex determination

22
Q

Why is TSD so profound in influencing sex determination?

A

enzymes are inhibited by temperature

23
Q

What are the 3 different patterns of TSD in reptiles?

A
  1. low temp = 100% females
    high temp = 100% males
  2. low temp= 100% males
    high temp= 100% females
  3. low and high temp = 100% females
    intermediate temps = various proportions of males

Genetics 3301-01 (12 decks)

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