Chapter 4a: Modification of Mendelian Ratios Flashcards
what are Mendel’s 4 postulates?
- unit factors exist in pairs
- dominance/ recessiveness
- paired unit factors segregate
- independent assortment
2 things that describe a loss-of-function mutation
- premature stop codon
2. misshapen active site
2 things that describe a gain-of-function mutation
- better enzymatic performance
2. gene duplications lead to gene family proliferation
a neutral mutation is AKA
a synonymous mutation
when no dominance exists between alleles that is known as
variation
an intermediate phenotype is?
one that results from a cross between parents with contrasting traits
give an example of an intermediate phenotype
R1R2 gives a pink color
what type of dominance describes a trait where neither allele is dominant?
incomplete or partial dominance
codominance describes
-influence of both alleles that is clearly evident
what are the two forms of glycoproteins that exist
M and N
mating between two heterozygous individuals can produce
children with all 3 blood types (A, B, AB)
inadequate substrate for enzyme that causes h substance to be incompletely formed is due to a rare mutation in the _____ gene.
FUT1
lethal genes represent…
essential genes
essential genes are
- absolutely required for survival
- tolerated if heterozygous
what type of mutations result in homozygous recessive individuals that do not survive?
recessive lethal alleles