Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception

Question 1

The processing of stimuli to create sensory understanding

Answer 1

Perception

Question 2

What Sensation?

Answer 2

Features of environment used to create understanding of the world

Question 3

What is transduction?

Answer 3

Sensations from the environment into something meaningful

Question 4

Bottom-Up Processing:

Answer 4

Taking what you sense from the environment and then trying to understand what it means

Question 5

Top - Down Processing:

Answer 5

Using prior knowledge that influences what we sense

Question 6

What are the 6 Gestalt Principles?

Answer 6

1. Figure Ground
2. Proximity
3. Similarity
4. Closure
5. Good Continuation
6. Common Fate

Question 7

Describe the Gestalt Principles.

Answer 7

1. Figure Ground: Priority to what’s in your face
2. Proximity: Object close are grouped together
3. Similarity: physically similar objects are grouped together
4. Closure: Perceive whole objects even if pieces are missing
5. Good Continuation: See continuous flowing lines
6. Common Fate: Objects that move together are grouped together

Question 8

Where are rods and cones located?

Answer 8

The Retina

Question 9

What is the Fovea?

Answer 9

Area of concentration cones in the center of the retina

Question 10

What type of environment does cones function in? Rods?

Answer 10

Cones function in bright lights while rods function in low light

Question 11

What is the role of cones?

Answer 11

Aid in visual acuity and color vision

Question 12

What is the blind spot?

Answer 12

Where the message leaves the eye and enters the brain via the optic nerve

Question 13

Bundled axons that exit the eye and enter the brain; allows for transduction

Answer 13

Optic Nerve

Question 14

Transduced information from the eyes that allows for perception from wavelengths

Answer 14

Color

Question 15

What are the 3 colors humans can see and what length are their wavelengths?

Answer 15

Red, Blue, and Green
Red=Long
Blue=Short
Green=Medium

Question 16

How do we perceive color?

Answer 16

Wavelengths

Question 17

What is the Trichromatic Theory?

Answer 17

Color info is identified by comparing activation of red, blue, and green

Question 18

Depth Perception:

Answer 18

Brain uses bottom-up and top-down processing to understand retinal information

Question 19

Only requires one eye to understand message of depth

Answer 19

Monocular

Question 20

Occlusion:

Answer 20

One image partially blocks the view of the second image

Question 21

Input from both eyes to compare images from each eye to understand how far away an object is:

Answer 21

Binocular

Question 22

The form of energy that travels in waves, or vibration of air molecules

Answer 22

Sound

Question 23

Pinna:

Answer 23

External Part; sound enters

Question 24

Ear Canal:

Answer 24

Auditory Canal; moves sound towards the eardrum

Question 25

Tympanic Membrane:

Answer 25

Transfer energy via vibrations to the ossicles

Question 26

Ossicles:

Answer 26

Ear Drum

Question 27

The Ossicles is composed of:

Answer 27

1. Malleus
2. Incus
3. Stapes

Question 28

What is the Cochlea?

Answer 28

Vibrations from the oval window are transferred here and transduced

Question 29

A flexible piece of tissue where the hair cells are located:

Answer 29

Basal Membrane

Question 30

Part of the Ear that is responsible for Balance and proprioception:

Answer 30

Semicircular Canals

Question 31

How do we perceive taste and smell?

Answer 31

Activation of Chemoreceptors

Question 32

The sense the smell:

Answer 32

Olfactory

Question 33

Which sense passes the thalamus?

Answer 33

Olfaction

Question 34

Gustation:

Answer 34

The sense of taste

Question 35

What are the 4 basic taste?

Answer 35

1. Sweet
2. Salty
3. Bitter
4. Umam (savory)

Question 36

How do we process touch and motion?

Answer 36

Object makes contact –> message travels to the spinal cord –> touch and motion are processed