Chapter 3: Biology and Neuroscience Flashcards
The hind brain includes:
Medulla, the Pons, and the cerebellum
There are thee parts of the brain, what are they?
Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
The hind brain contains structures that are vital for:
Life Functions and our basic reflexes
What is the most protected structure in the brain and why?
The medulla is the most protected structure because it is the most important. Without it or damage to it would cause death
The Medulla controls:
Breathing , swallowing, and heartbeat; The survival Center
Can you describe the function of the Pons?
- Awareness, Alertness, sleep, and motor function
- Coordinates movement with the cerebellum
- controls facial movement
- controls right and left coordination
Cerebellum is responsible for?
movement and balance
What regulates arousal and focus of attention and also contributes to tunnel vision
Reticular Activating system
What two structures does the midbrain contain:
The Tectum and the Tegmentum
What is the function of the Tectum?
Aid in auditory and visual functions
Function of the Tegmentum
Mediates pain
“take a tum to mediate stomach pain”
What two structures are located in the Forebrain?
Thalamus and Hypothalamus
What structure regulates hunger, temperature, aggression, and sexual behaviors
The Hypothalamus
What is the thalamus responsible for?
senses and sensory information with the exception of smell
How does the Limbic System work?
It regulates the endocrine system, emotions, and memory
What structure helps to form memories tied to strong emotions and controls flight of fight response?
Amygdala
New memories are formed because of the
Hippocampus
if you see a hippo on campus you will never forget it = new memory
What part of the brain is active when experiencing social or physical pain
Cingulate Gyrus
when your friends Single(cingulate) you out – hurt
What is responsible for relaying sensory information? All senses pass through this
Thalamus
What is the Neo cortex responsible for? And how many lobes does it have?
It is responsible for Higher level processing and it has 4 lobes
What are the 4 lobes in the Neocortex?
Frontal Lobes
Temporal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
What is the frontal lobe responsible for?
Decision making and movement
Area in the Frontal lobe responsible for speech production and articulation
Broca’s Area
Describe Broca’s Aphasia
There is a defect in speech production
What are the 2 main functions of the temporal lobe?
- Process sound input
2. processes sound and language
What area in the Temporal lobe is responsible for language comprehension?
Wernicke’s area
Word Salad is referred to as
a deficit in language comprehension due to damage to the Wernicke’s area ; “Wernicke’s salad”
What structure helps to navigate our bodies position in space? (spatial navigation)
Parietal Lobe
P for parietal
P for position
What is the name of the structure responsible for processing and interpreting light stimuli and visual information?
Occipital Lobe
Describe the function of the Corpus Callosum
It connects the 2 hemispheres of the brain and allows them to share information
What are the 3 control centers in the endocrine system?
- Hypothalamus
- Pineal Gland
- Pituatary Gland
Explain the function of
- Hypothalamus
- Pineal Gland
- Pituitary Gland
- Controls Hormone release from the pituitary gland
- Regulates sleep cycles by releasing melatonin
- Secretes hormones affecting sexual behavior, reproduction, response to aggression (anything dealing with ego)
How does the brain effect the immune system?
When we get over stressed, we tend to get sick of feel physically down. The Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is responsible because it is the stress response by releasing cortisol
