Chapter 4: Development Flashcards
What is the first step of prenatal development?
Fertilization
How many stages are there to prenatal development? Name them.
3 stages
- Zygote
- Embryo
- Fetus
What is the gestation period for Zygote?
Time of conception to 2 weeks
When does an egg become a zygote?
When the egg has been fertilized
What is a key characteristic of the Period of the Zygote?
Rapid cellular division
What is a blastocyst? Explain how the structures of the blastocyst will form.
A rapidly dividing ball of cells . Inner layer will become the embryo and outer layer will become its protection
What is the gestation period for the Embryo?
2 to 8 weeks
What are the key characteristics of the period of the embryo
- Major organs and systems begin to develop
2. Cephalocaudal and Proximodistal changes occur
What is the gestation period for The Fetus
Fetus is the longest gestation period.
9 weeks of gestation to birth
What are key characteristics of the period of the Fetus?
- Fetus begins to look more human
- finishing touches/refinements
- Most significant period of development
- Brain Development
- Weight gain
- Head moves to the lower belly
When can a fetus survive outside of the womb?
Starting at 22 week
In the fetal development stage, what does the fetus’s brain develop?
Sulci and Gyri
Explain what a teratogen is.
Environmental things that contribute negatively to the pregnancy
What is the critical period of teratogens to be avoided?
2 to 8 weeks gestation (embryotic period)
Name the most common teratogens?
Alcohol, Cigarettes, medication, specific viruses, drugs
Alcohol as a teratogen causes what type of defect?
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
The Zika Virus causes what to happen to a fetus?
Caused Microcephaly, altered brain development, and stillbirth
What are the characteristics of a fetus being exposed to alcohol?
altered physical appearance, cognitive impairment, and damage to internal organs
During the first 3 years of age what do children gain?
- Motor development
- Language
- Cognitive Development - long term memory
- Social Development - social connections
Who is the father of Cognitive Development?
Jean Piaget
What is Cognitive Development?
How the brain develops and how we gain cognitive skills
Describe Constructivist.
Children contribute to their own learning/knowledge
Describe Dialectical.
Cognitive growth due to conflicts that alters existing perception
According to Piaget, How do children construct knowledge
Through Assimilation and accommodation
Explain assimilation and accommodation.
Assimilation: New info similar to old info
Accommodation: Creating new cognitive structures
What is Novelty Preference?
Babies are more likely to pay attention to something/someone new
What is the Sociocultural Theory?
Cognitive development is continuous and is tied to the environment a child was raised in.
Who was the creator of the Sociocultural Theory?
Lev Vygotsky
What is scaffolding?
support to work through difficult task
What is the zone of proximal development?
Distance between what a child can accomplish alone and what the can accomplish independently
Bowlby and Ainsworth studied what? How?
Attachment Style
Through stranger situation
Lawrence Kohlberg. Outlines there are three stages to moral development
Heinz Dilemma Theory
What is the period of adolescent development?
About 11 to 13 years old
Describe the physical changes that occur during adolescent development?
- Increased frontal lobe development
- Surge of hormones
- Continues myelination
What is Adolescent Egocentrism?
Thinking that everyone is watching and paying attention to them
What is Personable Fable?
The person is unique and immune to risky situations
What is imaginary audience?
Idea that everyone is focused on you
What is the age range for adulthood to late adulthood?
Late teens to 40s
What are characteristics of Adulthood?
- Identity exploration
- Increased self - esteem
- dependent and independent
Who is Erik Erikson?
Studies personality and development across the lifespan
The SAME group of people are tested at different points of life
Longitudinal Research
DIFFERENT age groups are tested at the same time
Cross-Sectional Research
