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Psychology > Chapter 4: Development > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Development Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the first step of prenatal development?

A

Fertilization

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2
Q

How many stages are there to prenatal development? Name them.

A

3 stages

  1. Zygote
  2. Embryo
  3. Fetus
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3
Q

What is the gestation period for Zygote?

A

Time of conception to 2 weeks

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4
Q

When does an egg become a zygote?

A

When the egg has been fertilized

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5
Q

What is a key characteristic of the Period of the Zygote?

A

Rapid cellular division

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6
Q

What is a blastocyst? Explain how the structures of the blastocyst will form.

A

A rapidly dividing ball of cells . Inner layer will become the embryo and outer layer will become its protection

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7
Q

What is the gestation period for the Embryo?

A

2 to 8 weeks

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8
Q

What are the key characteristics of the period of the embryo

A
  1. Major organs and systems begin to develop

2. Cephalocaudal and Proximodistal changes occur

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9
Q

What is the gestation period for The Fetus

A

Fetus is the longest gestation period.

9 weeks of gestation to birth

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10
Q

What are key characteristics of the period of the Fetus?

A
  1. Fetus begins to look more human
  2. finishing touches/refinements
  3. Most significant period of development
  4. Brain Development
  5. Weight gain
  6. Head moves to the lower belly
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11
Q

When can a fetus survive outside of the womb?

A

Starting at 22 week

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12
Q

In the fetal development stage, what does the fetus’s brain develop?

A

Sulci and Gyri

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13
Q

Explain what a teratogen is.

A

Environmental things that contribute negatively to the pregnancy

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14
Q

What is the critical period of teratogens to be avoided?

A

2 to 8 weeks gestation (embryotic period)

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15
Q

Name the most common teratogens?

A

Alcohol, Cigarettes, medication, specific viruses, drugs

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16
Q

Alcohol as a teratogen causes what type of defect?

A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

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17
Q

The Zika Virus causes what to happen to a fetus?

A

Caused Microcephaly, altered brain development, and stillbirth

18
Q

What are the characteristics of a fetus being exposed to alcohol?

A

altered physical appearance, cognitive impairment, and damage to internal organs

19
Q

During the first 3 years of age what do children gain?

A
  1. Motor development
  2. Language
  3. Cognitive Development - long term memory
  4. Social Development - social connections
20
Q

Who is the father of Cognitive Development?

A

Jean Piaget

21
Q

What is Cognitive Development?

A

How the brain develops and how we gain cognitive skills

22
Q

Describe Constructivist.

A

Children contribute to their own learning/knowledge

23
Q

Describe Dialectical.

A

Cognitive growth due to conflicts that alters existing perception

24
Q

According to Piaget, How do children construct knowledge

A

Through Assimilation and accommodation

25
Q

Explain assimilation and accommodation.

A

Assimilation: New info similar to old info
Accommodation: Creating new cognitive structures

26
Q

What is Novelty Preference?

A

Babies are more likely to pay attention to something/someone new

27
Q

What is the Sociocultural Theory?

A

Cognitive development is continuous and is tied to the environment a child was raised in.

28
Q

Who was the creator of the Sociocultural Theory?

A

Lev Vygotsky

29
Q

What is scaffolding?

A

support to work through difficult task

30
Q

What is the zone of proximal development?

A

Distance between what a child can accomplish alone and what the can accomplish independently

31
Q

Bowlby and Ainsworth studied what? How?

A

Attachment Style

Through stranger situation

32
Q

Lawrence Kohlberg. Outlines there are three stages to moral development

A

Heinz Dilemma Theory

33
Q

What is the period of adolescent development?

A

About 11 to 13 years old

34
Q

Describe the physical changes that occur during adolescent development?

A
  1. Increased frontal lobe development
  2. Surge of hormones
  3. Continues myelination
35
Q

What is Adolescent Egocentrism?

A

Thinking that everyone is watching and paying attention to them

36
Q

What is Personable Fable?

A

The person is unique and immune to risky situations

37
Q

What is imaginary audience?

A

Idea that everyone is focused on you

38
Q

What is the age range for adulthood to late adulthood?

A

Late teens to 40s

39
Q

What are characteristics of Adulthood?

A
  1. Identity exploration
  2. Increased self - esteem
  3. dependent and independent
40
Q

Who is Erik Erikson?

A

Studies personality and development across the lifespan

41
Q

The SAME group of people are tested at different points of life

A

Longitudinal Research

42
Q

DIFFERENT age groups are tested at the same time

A

Cross-Sectional Research

Psychology (10 decks)

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