Chapter 5- Rome

Question 0

Republic

Answer 0

Government “that which belongs to the people” the people choose some of the officials. The Romans thought this would prevent any individual from gaining too much power.

Question 1

Etruscans

Answer 1

People who inhabited italy north of Rome.

Question 2

Patrician

Answer 2

Members of the Roman land holding upper class

Question 3

Plebian

Answer 3

The class of merchants, farmers, and artisans who made up most of the roman population. They had the legal rights of citizenship but little influence

Question 4

Consul

Answer 4

2 consuls were originally chosen from the patricians class. Their Job was to supervise the business of government and command the armies.

Question 5

Dictator

Answer 5

A ruler who has complete rule over government. In roman republic dictators were appointed in times of crisis or war, they could only rule for 6 months.

Question 6

Tribune

Answer 6

Official elected by other plebeians to protect their interests

Question 7

Veto

Answer 7

The act of blocking laws that are felt to be harmful

Question 8

Legion

Answer 8

A basic military unit made up of 5,000 men

Question 9

Aedile

Answer 9

Oversaw public works projects and food

Question 10

Praetor

Answer 10

Plebeians eligible- legal offices- stood in office when consuls away

Question 11

Questor

Answer 11

Finances and military budget

Question 12

Censor

Answer 12

Must be consul first- keeps list of citizens

Question 13

Carthage

Answer 13

A city-state on the northern coast of Africa settled by North Africans and phonesian traders, ruled an empire that stretched across n. Africa and the western Mediterranean, and parts of Spain

Question 14

Hannibal

Answer 14

A Carthaginian General led his army in 218 bc he led his army in the second Punic war, using dozens of war elephants on a march across the Pyrenees, through France, and over the alps into Italy, traveled across Italy for 15 years. -failed to capture Rome -

Question 15

Imperialism

Answer 15

Establishing control over foreign lands and people

Question 16

Latifundia

Answer 16

Huge farming estates where people captured on war were forced to work as slaves

Question 17

Tiberius and gaius gracchus

Answer 17

Plebeian brothers, who were some of the first to attempt reform. Tiberius -was elected as a tribune in 133 bc, called on the state to distribute land to poor farmers. Gaius- elected a tribune 10 years later, reforms included the use of public funds to buy grains to feed the poor. The brothers and thousands of their followers because the senate saw them as a threat to power

Question 18

Julius Ceasar

Answer 18

A dictator, and ambitious military commander. Completed the conquest of Gaul. Pushed many reforms to deal with Romes many problems. -launched a program of public works, gave land to the poor, reorganized the government of the provinces, and granted roman citizenship to more people. - Was killed in March of 44bc by enmities who stabbed him to death.

Question 19

Pompey

Answer 19

A general who dominated roman politics along side Caesar. He persuaded the senate to order Caesar to disband his army and return to Rome, secretly led his army across the rubicon river into northern Italy heading to Rome. Caesar crushed Pompey in this civil war.

Question 20

Octavian/Augustus

Answer 20

Caesars grandnephew who joined with Antony to find his murderers, and defeated Antony in a battle for power in 31 bc. He exercised total power and named his successor as a king would. Ruled until ad 41. Unknowingly dawned the age of the Roman Empire becoming the first roman emperor

Question 21

Mark Antony

Answer 21

Caesars chief general. joined forces with Octavian to hunt down Caesars murderers. Allies with Cleopatra of Egypt. Was defeated by Octavian in 31 bc

Question 22

Hadrian

Answer 22

A “good emperor” codified roman laws, making it the same for all provinces, and had soldiers build a wall across Britain to hold back attackers from the non-roman north

Question 23

Nero

Answer 23

A successor of Augustus who viciously persecuted Christians and was blamed for setting a fire that destroyed much of Rome

Question 24

Caligula

Answer 24

A success of Augustus that appointed his horse as consul and had giant boat parties where he killed people

Question 25

Marcus Aurelius

Answer 25

Read philosophy while leading wars. Close to being plates “philosopher king”. The Pax Romana ended with him.

Question 26

Pax Romana

Answer 26

A 200 year span that began with Augustus and ended with Marcus Aurelius of Roman peace. During this time roman rule brought peace, unity, order, prosperity, and great trade from Africa, India, China, and Egypt

Question 27

“Bread and Circuses”

Answer 27

a policy where people, such as gladiators or racers on chariots would be put in dangerous situations in order to entertain the crowds and the government would provide free grains for the poor. The people were kept happy and entertained and would not question the government

Question 28

Virgil

Answer 28

Author of the Aeneid. he linked his work to homers stories. He hoped his books would unite Rome during the civil wars

Question 29

Augustine

Answer 29

Bishop of Hippo in North Africa - Combined Christian doctrine with Greco-roman learning, especially the philosophy of Plato

Question 30

Greco-Roman civilization

Answer 30

When the Romans adopted greek + Hellenistic achievements

Question 31

Livy

Answer 31

A historian who wanted to restore roman virtues. He told stories about stories about heroes such as cincinatis

Question 32

Tacitus

Answer 32

Historian who wrote bitterly about Augustus and his successors admired the simple culture of Germans who lived on Romes northern frontier and would later invade the empire

Question 33

Aqueducts

Answer 33

Bridge like stone structures that carried water from the hills into roman cities.

Question 34

Mosaics

Answer 34

A picture made by using chips of colored glass

Question 35

Ptolemy

Answer 35

An astronomer and mathematician He proposed the earth the was the center of the universe -geocentric theory

Question 36

Galen

Answer 36

Greek doctor that advanced the frontiers of medical science by insisting on experiments to prove a conclusion. He complied a medical encyclopedia summarizing what was known in the field at the time

Question 37

Heresy

Answer 37

Beliefs said to be contrary to the official church teachings. Also called division.

Question 38

Clergy

Answer 38

Group of people who conduct Christian services. Each Christian community and it’s clergy were grouped together as a diocese, the diocese each had their own priest, ruling over the priest was the bishop who was a high church official ruling over everyone in their diocese. The highest church official is the pope

Question 39

Martys

Answer 39

People who suffer or died for their beliefs

Question 40

Constantine/ edict of Milan

Answer 40

Roman general and emperor of the eastern roman in 313 first Christian emperor. The edict granted freedom of religion to all roman citizens. Moved the capital of the empire to Constantinople preciously known as Byzantium

Question 41

Theodisius

Answer 41

The emperor who made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire and repressed the practice of other faiths.

Question 42

St. Paul

Answer 42

A Jew from Asia Minor that previously had persecuted Jesus’ followers but had a vision of Jesus speaking to him and joined the Christians. He wrote letters to Christian communities and explained difficult doctrines, judged disputes, and expanded Christian teachings, emphasizing that Jesus had sacrificed life for humankind

Question 43

Jesus

Answer 43

A Jew born in Bethlehem in about 4 bc, a descendant of king David of Israel and the leader of Christianity, he began to preach at age 30 near the Sea of Galilee, he would perform miracles of healing and used parables to teach lessons

Question 44

Messiah

Answer 44

“Anointed king sent by God” the Jews believed he would come and lead their people to freedom

Question 45

Roman legal legacy

Answer 45

Basic principals left behind by the Romans. Such as- innocent until proven guilty, the accused was allowed to face the accuser and offer a defense, and judges could interpret the laws and were expected to make fair decisions

Question 46

Diocletian

Answer 46

Emperor of Rome in 284, divided the empire into two parts, kept control of the wealthier eastern part and appointed co-emperor Maximum to rule western provinces. He also took steps to end the empires economic decay

Question 47

Constantinople

Answer 47

A new capital established at Byzantium by emperor Constantine, made the eastern empire the center of power

Question 48

Atilla

Answer 48

Hun leader that embarked on a savage campaign of conquest across much of Europe starting in 434. Known as the “scourge of god”

Question 49

Alaric

Answer 49

Visigoth general that overan Italy and plundered the city of Rome in 410

Question 50

Odoacer

Answer 50

A Germanic leader who ousted the emperor Romulus Augustulus in Rome in 476. Historians refer to this as the ““fall” of Rome”

Question 51

Mercenary

Answer 51

Foreign soldiers who fought for pay