Chapter 5 Respiratory

Question 1

Includes the nose, mouth, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles

Delivers air

Answer 1

Air conducting

Question 2

Swaps gases between air and blood

Includes alveoli and capillaries

Answer 2

Gas exchange

Question 3

Amount of air moved in and out with a normal breath (500ml)

Answer 3

Tidal volume

Question 4

Amount of air moved in and out in one minute (6L0

Answer 4

Minute respiratory volume

Question 5

Max amount of air that can be inhaled over tidal volume (2-3L)

Answer 5

Inspiration reserve volume

Question 6

Max amount of air that can be exhaled over tidal volume (1-1.5L)

Answer 6

Expiratory reserve volume

Question 7

Caused by rhinovirus-highly contagious

Answer 7

Infectious rhinitis

Question 8

Inflammation of the sinus cavities

Exudate collects and blocks the sinus cavities

Answer 8

Rhinosinusitis

Question 9

Inflammation of the epiglottis
Life-threatening
Haemophilus influenza type B (Hib)

Answer 9

Epiglottitis

Question 10

Inflammation of the larynx

Usually self limiting

Answer 10

Laryngitis

Question 11

Croup

Common viral infection in children usually parainfluenza viruses and adenoviruses

Answer 11

Laryngotracheobronchitis

Question 12

Inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree or large bronchi

Answer 12

Acute bronchitis

Question 13

Viral infection that may affect the upper and lower respiratory tract
Highly adaptive virus

Answer 13

Influenza

Question 14

Common acute inflammation of bronchioles, usually respiratory syncytial virus

Answer 14

Bronchiolitis

Question 15

Infectious agents, injurious agents or events, and pulmonary secretion stasis

Answer 15

Pneumonia

Question 16

Pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila
Thrives in warm, moist environments, particularly air-conditioning systems and spas
Not contagious-spread thru aerosol droplets

Answer 16

Legionnaires’ disease

Question 17

Caused by yeast like fungus, pneumocystis jiroveci

Opportunistic infection

Answer 17

Pneumocystis carinii

Question 18

Caused by the bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Fairly controlled until recently
Resistant strains have developed in those immune compromised
Airborne

Answer 18

TB

Question 19

Chronic disorder that results in intermittent, reversible airway obstruction
Characterized by acute airway inflammation, bronchconstriction, bronchospasm, bronchiole edema, and mucus production

Answer 19

Asthma

Question 20

Increased IgE synthesis and airway inflammation, resulting in mast cell destruction and inflammatory mediator release

Answer 20

Extrinsic asthma

Question 21

Not an allergic reaction

Usually presents after age 35

Answer 21

Intrinsic asthma

Question 22

Usually occurs between3-7a

May be related to circadian rhythms-at night

Answer 22

Nocturnal asthma

Question 23

Related to bronchospasms, and usually signaled by coughing,
Peaks within 15-30 mins
Inflammatory mediators responsible include leukotrienes, histamine, and some interleukins

Answer 23

Stage one asthma attack

Question 24

Peaks within 6 hours of symptom onset
Result of airway edema and mucus production
Alveolar hyperinflation causes air trapping
Bronchospasm, smooth muscle contraction, inflammation, and mucus production combine to narrow the airways

Answer 24

Stage 2 asthma

Question 25

Life threatening, prolonged asthma attack that does not respond to usual treatment Can lead to respiratory alkalosis and respiratory failure quickly

Answer 25

Status asthmaticus

Question 26

Debilitating chronic disorders characterized by irreversible, progressive tissue degeneration and airway obstruction Severe hypoxia and hypercapnia can lead to respiratory failure Oxygen begins to drive breathing Can lead to cor pulmonale

Answer 26

COPD

Question 27

Blue bloaters | Characterized by inflammation of the bronchi, a productive cough, and excessive mucus production

Answer 27

Chronic Bronchitis

Question 28

Pink puffers Destruction of the alveolar walls leads to large, permanently inflated alveoli Enzyme necessary for lung remodeling is deficient Loss of elastic recoil and hyperinflation of the alveoli, leading to air trapping

Answer 28

Emphysema

Question 29

Life-threatening condition resulting in severe lung damage and nutrition deficits Affects cells that produce mucus, sweat, saliva, and digestive secretions Mutation on the 7th chromosome

Answer 29

Cystic fibrosis

Question 30

Second most common cancer May occur as a primary or secondary tumor Deadliest of the cancers in men and women Smoking is the most significant risk factor, either first hand or second hand

Answer 30

Lung cancer

Question 31

Also know as oat cell carcinoma Occurs almost exclusively in heavy smokers Less frequent

Answer 31

Small cell carcinoma

Question 32

Aka as bronchogenic carcinoma Most common type Aggressive

Answer 32

Non-small cell carcinoma

Question 33

``` Excess fluid in the pleural cavity Fluid may include exudates, transudates, blood and pus Can impair breathing May see pleurisy Friction rub ```

Answer 33

Pleural effusion

Question 34

Air in the pleural cavity | Can cause lung to collapse

Answer 34

Pneumothroax

Question 35

Air enters from an opening in the internal airways

Answer 35

Spontaneous pneumothroax

Question 36

Result of a blunt or penetrating injury to the chest

Answer 36

Traumatic pneumothorax

Question 37

Most serious type Occurs when the pressure in the pleural space is greater that the atmospheric pressure due to trapped air in the pleural space or entering air from a positive-pressure mechanical ventilator

Answer 37

Tension pneumo

Question 38

Rapidly developing respiratory failure | Results from accumulation in the alveoli due to a systemic or pulmonary event that is not cardiac in origin

Answer 38

ARDS

Question 39

Collapse of the alveoli

Answer 39

Atelectasis

Question 40

Life threatening inability of the lungs to maintain adequate oxygenation

Answer 40

Acute respiratory failure